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The method and its associated technique, through which a researcher can examine the proteins altered by drug calm in a mouse model.
Introduction:
The proteins expression is an ordered process, in which deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is used as a template to transcribe messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) that is further used in order to translate that sequence into proteins. Three
The expression of the protein is regulated at the transcription step as well as translation step. There are some DNA binding proteins that inhibit the RNA polymerase binding efficiently to the DNA sequence, thus, downregulating the transcription of mRNA.
The regulation at translational level can be regulated by the miRNAs (micro RNAs) that base pair with mRNA and inhibit its expression. Other than that, the proteins required for the translational machinery are also regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. The drugs that regulate the expression of specific proteins at translational level do so through the above step or through inhibiting the assembly of ribosomes.
The following drug is acting through binding to the DNA or modifying the DNA sequence by acetylation or methylation of the cytosine in the gene. This happens because the down expression is of specific proteins if it was regulated at a translational level all the proteins inside the cell would have been down expression, which is not the case.
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Chapter 17 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
- PROTEIN X HAS THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL APPLICATION IN HUMAN. IT IS ORIGINALLY FROM A PLANT AND HAD BEEN SUCCESSFULLY CLONED FROM ITS GENE. AFTER MANY ATTEMPTS TO CLONE IT INTO EUKARYOTIC EXPRESSION VECTORS WERE UNSUCCESSFUL, THE RESEARCHER DECIDED TO USE E.COLI EXPRESSION VECTOR. HOW THE RECOMBINANT PROTEIN COULD BE EXPRESSED IN E.COLI EXPRESSION VECTOR.1. FACTORS AFFECTING BACTERIAL EXPRESSION SYSTEM.2. STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE THE PROTEIN EXPRESSION.3. WAYS TO ENSURE THE PROTEIN IS ACTIVELY PRODUCED.arrow_forwardPROTEIN X HAS THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL APPLICATION IN HUMAN. IT IS ORIGINALLY FROM A PLANT AND HAD BEEN SUCCESSFULLY CLONED FROM ITS GENE. AFTER MANY ATTEMPTS TO CLONE IT INTO EUKARYOTIC EXPRESSION VECTORS WERE UNSUCCESSFUL, THE RESEARCHER DECIDED TO USE E.COLI EXPRESSION VECTOR. HOW THE RECOMBINANT PROTEIN COULD BE EXPRESSED IN E.COLI EXPRESSION VECTOR.1. STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE THE PROTEIN EXPRESSION.arrow_forwardMass spectrometry is a powerful tool in proteomics. What are the four key features of a mass spectrometer? Describe briefly how MALDI and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis could be used to identify a protein expressed in cancer cells but not in normal healthy cells.arrow_forward
- discuss using named examples some of the disadvantages of protein engineering using site directed and random mutagenesisarrow_forwardBriefly discuss (referring to the images provided) why mutant 2 fails to produce functional protein. Note that none of the mRNA transcribed from this gene is of the expected size; some of the mRNA molecules produced are 223 nucleotides shorter than expected, whilst others are 47 nucleotides longer than expected.arrow_forwardRNA knockdown has become a powerful tool in the arsenal of methods used to repress gene expression. Briefly describe how gene expression can be knocked down. What effect would introducing siRNAs to TSC1 have on human cells?arrow_forward
- . One mechanism by which antisense RNAs act as negative regulators of gene expression is by base pairingwith the ribosome binding site on the sense mRNA toblock translation. In a second, alternative mechanism,the act of transcribing an antisense RNA can somehow prevent RNA polymerase from recognizing thesense promoter for the same gene. Design an experimental approach that would enable you to distinguishbetween these two modes of action at a specific gene.(Hint: What would be the outcome in each case ifhigh levels of the antisense RNA were transcribedfrom a gene on a plasmid?)arrow_forwardDiscuss the advantages and disadvantages of bacterial, fungal, plant, and animal sources of protein expression.arrow_forward. Why is a nonsense suppressor tRNATyr, even though ithas a mutant anticodon that cannot recognize a tyrosinecodon, charged with tyrosine by Tyr tRNA synthetase?arrow_forward
- Explain how a transcriptional fusion to a reporter gene, combined with site directed mutagenesis, can indicate key nucleotides in a regulatory region. Name one in vitro technique that can be used to further confirm the significance of these regions.arrow_forwardPROTEIN X HAS THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL APPLICATION IN HUMAN. IT IS ORIGINALLY FROM A PLANT AND HAD BEEN SUCCESSFULLY CLONED FROM ITS GENE. AFTER MANY ATTEMPTS TO CLONE IT INTO EUKARYOTIC EXPRESSION VECTORS WERE UNSUCCESSFUL, THE RESEARCHER DECIDED TO USE E.COLI EXPRESSION VECTOR. HOW THE RECOMBINANT PROTEIN COULD BE EXPRESSED IN E.COLI EXPRESSION VECTOR.1. FACTORS AFFECTING BACTERIAL EXPRESSION SYSTEM.arrow_forwarda. Would you expect a cell to continue or to stopdividing at a nonpermissive high temperature if itis a temperature-sensitive Ras mutant whose protein product is fixed in the GTP-bound form atnonpermissive temperature?b. What would you expect if you had a temperaturesensitive mutant in which the Ras protein staysin the GDP-bound form at high temperature?arrow_forward
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning