Universe: Stars And Galaxies
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781319115098
Author: Roger Freedman, Robert Geller, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 17, Problem 34Q
To determine
The reason for color ratios of stars to be related to the star’s surface temperature.
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Astronomers use two basis properties of stars to classify them. These two properties are luminosity and surface temperature. Luminosity usually refers to the brightness of the star relative to the brightness of our sun. Astronomers will often use a star’s color to measure its temperature. Stars with low temperatures produce a reddish light while stars with high temperatures shine with a brilliant blue—white light. Surface temperatures of stars range from 3000o C to 50,000o C. When these surface temperatures are plotted against luminosity, the stars fall into groups. Using the data similar to what you will plot in this activity, Danish astronomer Ejnar Hertzsprung and United States astronomer Henry Norris Russell independently arrived at similar results in what is now commonly referred to as the HR Diagram.
Procedures:1. Read the Background Information
2. On the graph paper provided. Place a number next to the star according to its luminosity and surface temperature listed in the data…
As a star runs out of hydrogen to fuel nuclear fusion in its core, changes within the star usually cause it to leave the main sequence, expanding and cooling as it does so. Would a star with a radius 6 times that of the Sun, but a surface temperature 0.4 times that of the Sun, be more, or less luminous than the Sun?
Show and explain your reasoning.
You may assume the surface area of a sphere is A = 4πr2.
What measurements would you make (assuming you have the money, time, & equipment) to determine a star’s surface temperature?
Chapter 17 Solutions
Universe: Stars And Galaxies
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- What is the main reason that the spectra of all stars are not identical? Explain.arrow_forwardExplain how you would use the spectrum of a star to estimate its distance.arrow_forwardSpectral types are an indicator of temperature. For the first 10 stars in Appendix J, the list of the brightest stars in our skies, estimate their temperatures from their spectral types. Use information in the figures and/or tables in this chapter and describe how you made the estimates.arrow_forward
- The spectrum of the Sun has hundreds of strong lines of nonionized iron but only a few, very weak lines of helium. A star of spectral type B has very strong lines of helium but very weak iron lines. Do these differences mean that the Sun contains more iron and less helium than the B star? Explain.arrow_forwardExplain why color is a measure of a star’s temperature.arrow_forwardName five characteristics of a star that can be determined by measuring its spectrum. Explain how you would use a spectrum to determine these characteristics.arrow_forward
- (subject: astronomy) 1. When do you say a star is very hot compared to the red. 2. are stars of equal size? explain your answerarrow_forwardSuppose the distribution of light from a star is observed to have maximum intensity at wavelength = 700 nm. P Calculate K = I 4 T R² where P is the total luminosity of the star and R is the radius. Hint: The star is a blackbody radiator; what is its temperature?arrow_forward. The spectrum of Star A peaks at 700 nm. The spectrum of Star B peaks at 470 nm. We know nothing about what stage of stellar evolution either of these stars are in. Which of the following are true? A. Star A has a higher luminosity than Star B. B. Star B has a higher luminosity than Star A. C. Star A is cooler than Star B. D. Not enough information to comment on their luminosities. E. B and C F. C and Darrow_forward
- A star has a luminosity (power output) of 9.2x1026 W and a diameter of 6.1x108 m. What is its surface temperature? (Give your answer in SI units and include the units in your answer.)arrow_forwardThe spectral type of a star is directly related to its color. Recall that a star emits light as a blackbody, which has a particular shape to its spectrum, as shown in this figure. Based on this, what basic property of a star determines its color (and thus its spectral type)? Choose one: A. age B. composition C. radius D. temperaturearrow_forwardHelp me pleasearrow_forward
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