The base in DNA to be deaminated to form each of the bases in reference to figure 17-36a from the question. Introduction: DNA refers to the genetic material of a cell. DNA is a double stranded structure and each strand is made up of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of four nitrogenous bases which are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine along with a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group. Covalent bonds are used to join one nucleotide to the next.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 17.7PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The base in DNA to be deaminated to form each of the bases in reference to figure 17-36a from the question.

Introduction: DNA refers to the genetic material of a cell. DNA is a double stranded structure and each strand is made up of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of four nitrogenous bases which are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine along with a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group. Covalent bonds are used to join one nucleotide to the next.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for depiction of three bases in reference to figure 17-36a from the question when DNA contains four bases.

Introduction: DNA refers to the genetic material of a cell. DNA is a double stranded structure and each strand is made up of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of four nitrogenous bases which are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine along with a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group. Covalent bonds are used to join one nucleotide to the next.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The importance that the bases in reference to figure 17-36a given in the question do not occur naturally in DNA.

Introduction: DNA refers to the genetic material of a cell. DNA is a double stranded structure and each strand is made up of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of four nitrogenous bases which are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine along with a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group. Covalent bonds are used to join one nucleotide to the next.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason that the presence of 5-Methylcytosine is likely to increase the probability of a mutation.

Introduction: DNA refers to the genetic material of a cell. DNA is a double stranded structure and each strand is made up of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of four nitrogenous bases which are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine along with a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group. Covalent bonds are used to join one nucleotide to the next.

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pppApCpCpUpApGpApU-OH(a) Using the straight-chain sugar convention, write the structure of the DNA strand that encoded this short stretch of RNA.(b) Using the simplest convention for representing the DNA base sequence, write the structure of the nontemplate DNA strand.

In E. coli, all newly synthesized DNA appears to be fragmented (an observation that could be interpreted to mean that the leading strand as well as the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously). However, in E. coli mutants that are defective in uracil–DNA glycosylase, only about half the newly synthesized DNA is fragmented. Explain.

In human DNA, 70% of cytosine residues that are followed by guanine (so-called CpG dinucleotides, where p indicates the phosphate in the phosphodiester bond between these two nucleotides) are methylated to form 5-methylcytosine. As shown in the following figure, if 5-methylcytosine should undergo spontaneous deamination, it becomes thymine. NH, Deamination NH 5-methylcytosine Thymine Methylated CpG dinucleotides are hotspots for point mutations in human DNA. Can you propose a hypothesis that explains why?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 17.7PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The base in DNA to be deaminated to form each of the bases in reference to figure 17-36a from the question.

Introduction: DNA refers to the genetic material of a cell. DNA is a double stranded structure and each strand is made up of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of four nitrogenous bases which are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine along with a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group. Covalent bonds are used to join one nucleotide to the next.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for depiction of three bases in reference to figure 17-36a from the question when DNA contains four bases.

Introduction: DNA refers to the genetic material of a cell. DNA is a double stranded structure and each strand is made up of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of four nitrogenous bases which are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine along with a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group. Covalent bonds are used to join one nucleotide to the next.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The importance that the bases in reference to figure 17-36a given in the question do not occur naturally in DNA.

Introduction: DNA refers to the genetic material of a cell. DNA is a double stranded structure and each strand is made up of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of four nitrogenous bases which are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine along with a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group. Covalent bonds are used to join one nucleotide to the next.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason that the presence of 5-Methylcytosine is likely to increase the probability of a mutation.

Introduction: DNA refers to the genetic material of a cell. DNA is a double stranded structure and each strand is made up of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of four nitrogenous bases which are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine along with a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group. Covalent bonds are used to join one nucleotide to the next.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 17.7PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The base in DNA to be deaminated to form each of the bases in reference to figure 17-36a from the question.

Introduction: DNA refers to the genetic material of a cell. DNA is a double stranded structure and each strand is made up of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of four nitrogenous bases which are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine along with a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group. Covalent bonds are used to join one nucleotide to the next.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for depiction of three bases in reference to figure 17-36a from the question when DNA contains four bases.

Introduction: DNA refers to the genetic material of a cell. DNA is a double stranded structure and each strand is made up of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of four nitrogenous bases which are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine along with a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group. Covalent bonds are used to join one nucleotide to the next.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The importance that the bases in reference to figure 17-36a given in the question do not occur naturally in DNA.

Introduction: DNA refers to the genetic material of a cell. DNA is a double stranded structure and each strand is made up of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of four nitrogenous bases which are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine along with a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group. Covalent bonds are used to join one nucleotide to the next.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason that the presence of 5-Methylcytosine is likely to increase the probability of a mutation.

Introduction: DNA refers to the genetic material of a cell. DNA is a double stranded structure and each strand is made up of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of four nitrogenous bases which are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine along with a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group. Covalent bonds are used to join one nucleotide to the next.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 17.7PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The base in DNA to be deaminated to form each of the bases in reference to figure 17-36a from the question.

Introduction: DNA refers to the genetic material of a cell. DNA is a double stranded structure and each strand is made up of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of four nitrogenous bases which are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine along with a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group. Covalent bonds are used to join one nucleotide to the next.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for depiction of three bases in reference to figure 17-36a from the question when DNA contains four bases.

Introduction: DNA refers to the genetic material of a cell. DNA is a double stranded structure and each strand is made up of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of four nitrogenous bases which are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine along with a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group. Covalent bonds are used to join one nucleotide to the next.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The importance that the bases in reference to figure 17-36a given in the question do not occur naturally in DNA.

Introduction: DNA refers to the genetic material of a cell. DNA is a double stranded structure and each strand is made up of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of four nitrogenous bases which are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine along with a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group. Covalent bonds are used to join one nucleotide to the next.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason that the presence of 5-Methylcytosine is likely to increase the probability of a mutation.

Introduction: DNA refers to the genetic material of a cell. DNA is a double stranded structure and each strand is made up of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of four nitrogenous bases which are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine along with a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group. Covalent bonds are used to join one nucleotide to the next.

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Answer 5

Chapter 17, Problem 17.7PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The base in DNA to be deaminated to form each of the bases in reference to figure 17-36a from the question.

Introduction: DNA refers to the genetic material of a cell. DNA is a double stranded structure and each strand is made up of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of four nitrogenous bases which are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine along with a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group. Covalent bonds are used to join one nucleotide to the next.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for depiction of three bases in reference to figure 17-36a from the question when DNA contains four bases.

Introduction: DNA refers to the genetic material of a cell. DNA is a double stranded structure and each strand is made up of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of four nitrogenous bases which are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine along with a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group. Covalent bonds are used to join one nucleotide to the next.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The importance that the bases in reference to figure 17-36a given in the question do not occur naturally in DNA.

Introduction: DNA refers to the genetic material of a cell. DNA is a double stranded structure and each strand is made up of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of four nitrogenous bases which are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine along with a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group. Covalent bonds are used to join one nucleotide to the next.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason that the presence of 5-Methylcytosine is likely to increase the probability of a mutation.

Introduction: DNA refers to the genetic material of a cell. DNA is a double stranded structure and each strand is made up of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of four nitrogenous bases which are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine along with a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group. Covalent bonds are used to join one nucleotide to the next.

Answer 6

Chapter 17, Problem 17.7PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The base in DNA to be deaminated to form each of the bases in reference to figure 17-36a from the question.

Introduction: DNA refers to the genetic material of a cell. DNA is a double stranded structure and each strand is made up of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of four nitrogenous bases which are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine along with a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group. Covalent bonds are used to join one nucleotide to the next.

Answer 7

Chapter 17, Problem 17.7PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The base in DNA to be deaminated to form each of the bases in reference to figure 17-36a from the question.

Introduction: DNA refers to the genetic material of a cell. DNA is a double stranded structure and each strand is made up of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of four nitrogenous bases which are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine along with a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group. Covalent bonds are used to join one nucleotide to the next.

Answer 8

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for depiction of three bases in reference to figure 17-36a from the question when DNA contains four bases.

Introduction: DNA refers to the genetic material of a cell. DNA is a double stranded structure and each strand is made up of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of four nitrogenous bases which are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine along with a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group. Covalent bonds are used to join one nucleotide to the next.

Answer 9

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for depiction of three bases in reference to figure 17-36a from the question when DNA contains four bases.

Introduction: DNA refers to the genetic material of a cell. DNA is a double stranded structure and each strand is made up of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of four nitrogenous bases which are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine along with a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group. Covalent bonds are used to join one nucleotide to the next.

Answer 10

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The importance that the bases in reference to figure 17-36a given in the question do not occur naturally in DNA.

Introduction: DNA refers to the genetic material of a cell. DNA is a double stranded structure and each strand is made up of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of four nitrogenous bases which are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine along with a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group. Covalent bonds are used to join one nucleotide to the next.

Answer 11

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The importance that the bases in reference to figure 17-36a given in the question do not occur naturally in DNA.

Introduction: DNA refers to the genetic material of a cell. DNA is a double stranded structure and each strand is made up of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of four nitrogenous bases which are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine along with a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group. Covalent bonds are used to join one nucleotide to the next.

Answer 12

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason that the presence of 5-Methylcytosine is likely to increase the probability of a mutation.

Introduction: DNA refers to the genetic material of a cell. DNA is a double stranded structure and each strand is made up of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of four nitrogenous bases which are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine along with a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group. Covalent bonds are used to join one nucleotide to the next.

Answer 13

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason that the presence of 5-Methylcytosine is likely to increase the probability of a mutation.

Introduction: DNA refers to the genetic material of a cell. DNA is a double stranded structure and each strand is made up of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of four nitrogenous bases which are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine along with a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group. Covalent bonds are used to join one nucleotide to the next.

Answer 14

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 17 - The theoretical amplification accomplished by n...Ch. 17 - Bacterial replication and that in typical...Ch. 17 - Nonhomologous end-joining and synthesis-dependent...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.3CC Ch. 17 - Meselson and Stahl Revisited. For each of the...Ch. 17 - DNA Replication. Sketch a replication fork of...Ch. 17 - More DNA Replication. The following are...Ch. 17 - QUANTITATIVE Still More DNA Replication. Suppose...Ch. 17 - The Minimal Chromosome. To enable it to be...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.6PS

Solution Summary: The author explains that DNA is a double-stranded structure and each strand is made up of nucleotides. The breakdown of amino group is known as deamination.

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