
(a)
Interpretation: The behavior of atoms/ions during the faster cooking with hot water in a pressure cooker than in an open pan needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction: Colligative properties are the properties of solution which depend on the number of particles present in the solution. Some common examples of colligative properties are depression in freezing point, elevation in boiling point, osmotic pressure, lowering in vapor pressure etc. The number of particles is shown with the help of Van’t Hoff factor ‘i’.
The mathematical expression for depression in freezing point and elevation in boiling point are as given below:
ΔTf = i × kf×mΔTb = i × kb×mΔTf = Depression in freezing pointΔTb=Elevation in boiling pointi = van't Hoff factorkb=Molal elevation constantkf=Molal depression constantm = Molality
(b)
Interpretation: The behavior of atoms/ions during the use of salt on icy road needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction: Colligative properties are the properties of solution which depends on the number of particles present in the solution. Some common examples of colligative properties are depression in freezing point, elevation in boiling point, osmotic pressure, lowering in vapor pressure, etc. The number of particles is shown with the help of Van’t Hoff factor ‘i’.
The mathematical expression for depression in freezing point and elevation in boiling point are as given below:
ΔTf = i × kf×mΔTb = i × kb×mΔTf = Depression in freezing pointΔTb=Elevation in boiling pointi = van't Hoff factorkb=Molal elevation constantkf=Molal depression constantm = Molality
(c)
Interpretation: The behavior of atoms/ions when melted sea ice from the Arctic Ocean produces fresh water needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction: Colligative properties are the properties of solution which depend on the number of particles present in the solution. Some common examples of colligative properties are depression in freezing point, elevation in boiling point, osmotic pressure, lowering in vapor pressure, etc. The number of particles is shown with the help of Van’t Hoff factor ‘i’.
The mathematical expression for depression in freezing point and elevation in boiling point are as given below:
ΔTf = i × kf×mΔTb = i × kb×mΔTf = Depression in freezing pointΔTb=Elevation in boiling pointi = van't Hoff factorkb=Molal elevation constantkf=Molal depression constantm = Molality
(d)
Interpretation: The behavior of atoms/ions for CO(s)2 dry ice which does not have a normal boiling point under atmospheric conditions, even though CO2 is liquid in fire extinguisher needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction: Colligative properties are the properties of solution which depend on the number of particles present in the solution. Some common examples of colligative properties are depression in freezing point, elevation in boiling point, osmotic pressure, lowering in vapor pressure, etc. The number of particles is shown with the help of Van’t Hoff factor ‘i’.
The mathematical expression for depression in freezing point and elevation in boiling point are as given below:
ΔTf = i × kf×mΔTb = i × kb×mΔTf = Depression in freezing pointΔTb=Elevation in boiling pointi = van't Hoff factorkb=Molal elevation constantkf=Molal depression constantm = Molality

Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Chapter 17 Solutions
Chemical Principles
- please solve this, and help me know which boxes to check. Thank you so much in advance.arrow_forwardElectronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons. Describe how electronegativity is illustrated on the periodic table including trends between groups and periods and significance of atom size.arrow_forwardDefine the term “transition.” How does this definition apply to the transition metals?arrow_forward
- Describe how the properties of the different types of elements (metals, nonmetals, metalloids) differ.arrow_forwardUse a textbook or other valid source to research the physical and chemical properties of each element listed in Data Table 1 using the following as a guideline: Ductile (able to be deformed without losing toughness) and malleable (able to be hammered or pressed permanently out of shape without breaking or cracking) or not ductile or malleable Good, semi, or poor conductors of electricity and heat High or low melting and boiling points Occur or do not occur uncombined/freely in nature High, intermediate, or low reactivity Loses or gains electrons during reactions or is not reactivearrow_forwardProvide the Physical and Chemical Properties of Elements of the following elements listedarrow_forward
- Questions 4 and 5arrow_forwardFor a titration of 40.00 mL of 0.0500 M oxalic acid H2C2O4 with 0.1000 M KOH, calculate the pH at each of the following volume of KOH used in the titration: 1) before the titration begin;2) 15 mL; 3) 20 mL; 4) 25 mL; 5) 40 mL; 6) 50 mL. Ka1 = 5.90×10^-2, Ka2 = 6.50×10^-5 for oxalic acid.arrow_forwardPredict the major organic product(s), if any, of the following reactions. Assume all reagents are in excess unless otherwise indicated.arrow_forward
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStax
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning





