Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The reactants of the given reactions are to be deduced.
Concept introduction:
The Grignard reagent or RMgX is a reagent that can be prepared from an alkyl halide and magnesium in the ether. It adds on the alkyl group to the carbonyl moiety and converts the
Wittig reagent or alkyl phosphonium ylide, in presence of base, reacts with carbonyl to form an alkene.
Alcohols can be converted to ethers by the reaction of an alkyl halide with sodium hydride.
Alcohols can be converted to
Alkyl halides react with potassium cyanide to form nitriles.
Carbonyl compound reacts with hydrazine and KOH to form
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Organic Chemistry
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- Show how you would synthesize the following compounds, starting with benzene or toluene and any necessary acyclic reagents. Assume para is the major product (and separable from ortho) in ortho, para mixtures. (a) 3-nitro-4-bromobenzoic acid (b) 3-nitro-5-bromobenzoic acid (c) 4-butylphenol (d) 2-(4-methylphenyl)butan-2-olarrow_forwardDraw a structural formula for the alcohol formed by treating each alkene with borane in tetrahydrofuran (THF) followed by hydrogen peroxide in aqueous sodium hydroxide, and specify stereochemistry where appropriate. (a) (d) (b) (e) (c)arrow_forwardStarting with 2-methylpropene, outline a synthesis of (a) (CH3)3COH (b) (CH3)2C(OH)CH2Brarrow_forward
- Guiding your reasoning by retrosynthetic analysis, show how you could prepare each of the following compounds from the given starting material and any necessary organic or inorganic reagents. All require more than one synthetic step. (a) Cyclopentyl iodide from cyclopentane (b) 1-Bromo-2-methylpropane from 2-bromo-2-methylpropane (c) meso-2,3-Dibromobutane from 2-butyne (d) 1-Heptene from 1-bromopentane (e) cis-2-Hexene from 1,2-dibromopentane (f) Butyl methyl ether (CH3CH2CH2CH2OCH3) from 1-butenearrow_forwardEthoxide is used as the base in the condensation of ethyl acetate to avoid some unwantedside reactions. Show what side reactions would occur if the following bases were used.(a) sodium methoxidearrow_forwardThe hydrocarbon fluorene was treated with potassium t-butoxide in an acid-base reaction, giving the fluorenide anion and t-butyl alcohol. (a) Which way does the equilibrium lie, and by how much? b) What is the proportion of the fluorenide anion to fluorene? (c) Why is fluorene so highly acidic, considering the pKa of an average alkane is above 50?arrow_forward
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