Chapter 16, Problem 37P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The nature of the compound formed and the type of reactioninvolved need to be described with given molecular formula.

Concept introduction:

Electrophiles are electron-deficient species, which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles, which accept electron pair.

Nucleophiles are electron-rich species, which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles, which donate electron pair.

Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.

Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.

Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.

The reaction in which hydrogen is added to the compound in the presence of catalyst is known as hydrogenation.

The number of moles of hydrogen absorbed will be equal to the number of double bonds.

The reaction in which a halide group is removed to form an alkene is called dehydrohalogenation.

This reaction in which ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ is removed from alkene molecules is called decarboxylation reaction.

Piperonal is an acetal, which has an aldehyde moiety in its structure. Acetals are the functional moieties, in which a carbon atom is bonded to two oxygen atoms that are further bonded to alkyl chains. These are formed when alcohols react with carbonyl compounds or dihydropyran in acidic medium or basic medium. The acetal can be cleaved in acidic medium to get back carbonyl compound and alcohol.