Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 16, Problem 2Q
Summary Introduction
To review:
The comparison of the effect of the drugs upon the single and combined use. The conclusions that can be drawn from the results regarding the combined effect of the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) methylation and histone acetylation on gene expression in these cells.
Given:
The table given below shows the individual as well as the combined effect of the drugs on the DNA methylation and histone acetylation.
| Treatment | |||
| Untreated control of mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) transcript of: | AZA | TSA | AZA+TSA |
| Gene 1 | 7 | 23 | 25 |
| Gene 2 | <1 | <1 | 11 |
Introduction:
Two different compounds AZA and TSA are used to inhibit the enzymes DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase, respectively. The researchers studied the effects of the inhibitors both combinedly and separately.
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Life: The Science of Biology
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- Discuss briefly the effects of colchicine treatment on cells. What are the genetic implications of such effects?arrow_forwardWhich mechanisms for regulating gene expression may be applied for the treatment of such diseases? Propose a method of treatment. Explain how it might work. Reference: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/ar3317arrow_forwarda. How many enhancers were you able to identify with these set of experiments? Explain. b. If you find any enhancer, in what genetic region, number of base pairs upstream from MRPA, are they located? Explain.arrow_forward
- Explain one experimental strategy for determining the functional role of the mouse HoxD-3 gene.arrow_forwardWith the understanding of DNA methylation and gene expression, answer these following questions with as little word as possible. a. What is the difference between a CpG Island vs a CpG-poor region of the genome? b. What is the typical effect of 5mCpG on gene expression, and what two classes of DNA sequences are most heavily methylated? c. What is sex-specific genomic imprinting? Cite at least one example with the given example. d. What is the main function of HOX genes: specifically, the ANT-C vs. the BX-C clusters?arrow_forwardDescribe how HpaII and MspI can be used to determine if a given DNA sequence is methylated. Any limitations associated with these enzymes in Amyloid-β alters the DNA methylation status of cell-fate genes in an Alzheimer’s disease model paper. Taher, N., McKenzie, C., Garrett, R., Baker, M., Fox, N., & Isaacs, G. D. (2014). Amyloid-β alters the DNA methylation status of cell-fate genes in an Alzheimer’s disease model. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease: JAD, 38(4), 831–844. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-131061arrow_forward
- Describe the mechanisms in which DNA is used to generate protein. Reflect on the key points in the process and mention any major differences between the mechanism in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Although the DNA in our genes is considered to be the heritable genetic material, other factors, including the environment are considered to play an important role in the activity and expression of those genes. Summarize the role that epigenetics & developmental epigenetics play in health & disease.arrow_forwardExplain how DNA methylation could be used to regulate gene expression in a tissue-specific way. When and where would de novo methylation occur, and when would demethylation occur? What would occur in the cells that give rise to eggs and sperm?arrow_forwardConsider the gal10D56 reporter gene. In 300 words or fewer, describe 1) the role of GAL7 in galactose metabolism and its importance for cell function 2) the mutation present in the gal10D56 reporter gene 3) the consequence of this mutation for GAL7 expression in wild type cells, 4) the mechanism by which certain mutations can suppress the effects of gal10D56, and 5) the specific purpose for using this reporter gene.arrow_forward
- Briefly explain how or why making a region of DNA heterochromatic results in little or no expression of genes encoded in that region of the DNA.arrow_forwardSuppose we take tissue samples from the kidney and the liver of a healthy individual. If we compare the genetic sequences in these tissues, what do we expect to see? If we compare the transcription products of these cells, what do we expect to see? Justify your answers.arrow_forwardCompare replicative transposition and conservative transposition by constructing a 3D model showing the mechanism of the movement of the transposable elements in each type.arrow_forward
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