Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168390
Author: Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 20E
What is the difference between △S, △S °, and △S °298 for a Chemical change?
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The human body burns glucose (C,H,O,) for energy according to this chemical reaction:
CH₁₂0+60-6CO₂
+ 6H₂0
The products of the reaction are carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O).
Interestingly, all of the carbon dioxide and much of the water exits the body through the lungs: on every breath, the average person exhales
500 ml. of air, which is typically enriched to 4% CO, and 5% water vapor by volume. In short, when a person loses weight by dieting, the weight
that is lost actually departs his body as a gas, every time he exhales. Each kilogram of body fat lost requires exhaling about 2.8 kg of carbon
dioxide.
Calculate how many breaths it takes an average person to "exhale" 3.00 kg of fat. Round your answer to the nearest thousand.
You'll need to know that the density of CO₂ is 2.0 kg/m³.
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D
. A piece of unknown substance weighs 44.7 g and requires 2110 J to increase its temperature from 23.2 °C to 89.6 °C.(a) What is the specific heat of the substance?
Magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas.ΔH°f for HCl(aq) = –167.16 kJ/molΔH°f for MgCl2(aq) = –801.17 kJ/mol
(iv) What type of reaction is this?(v) In our everyday lives, we observe what happens around us using five biologicalsenses. Give the names of the biological senses.(vi) If you reacted magnesium with hydrochloric acid in the laboratory, specifically whatwould you observe? Give four observations.
Chapter 16 Solutions
Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
Ch. 16 - What is a spontaneous reaction?Ch. 16 - What is a nonspontaneous reaction?Ch. 16 - Indicate whether the following processes are...Ch. 16 - A helium-filled balloon spontaneously deflates...Ch. 16 - Many plastic materials are organic polymers that...Ch. 16 - In Figure 16.8 all possible distributions and...Ch. 16 - In Figure 16.8 all of the possible distributions...Ch. 16 - How does the process described in the previous...Ch. 16 - Consider a system similar to the one in Figure...Ch. 16 - Consider the system shown in Figure 16.9. What is...
Ch. 16 - Consider the system shown in Figure 16.9. What is...Ch. 16 - Arrange the following sets of systems in order of...Ch. 16 - At room temperature, the entropy of the halogens...Ch. 16 - Consider two processes: sublimation of I2(s) and...Ch. 16 - Indicate which substance in the given pairs has...Ch. 16 - Predict the sign of the entropy change for the...Ch. 16 - Predict the sign of the entropy change for the...Ch. 16 - Write the balanced chemical equation for the...Ch. 16 - Write the balanced chemical equation for the...Ch. 16 - What is the difference between S, S , and S 298...Ch. 16 - Calculate S298 for the following changes. (a)...Ch. 16 - Determine the entropy change for the combustion of...Ch. 16 - Determine the entropy change for the combustion of...Ch. 16 - Thermite reactions have been used for welding...Ch. 16 - Using the relevant S 298 values listed in Appendix...Ch. 16 - From the following information, determine S298 for...Ch. 16 - By calculating Suniv, at each temperature,...Ch. 16 - Use the standard entropy data in Appendix G to...Ch. 16 - Use the standard entropy data in Appendix G to...Ch. 16 - What is the difference between G, G, and G 298 for...Ch. 16 - A reaction has H298=100 kj/mol and S298=250 J/mol ...Ch. 16 - Explain what happens as a reaction starts with G0...Ch. 16 - Use the standard free energy of formation data in...Ch. 16 - Use the standard free energy data in Appendix G to...Ch. 16 - Given: P4(s)+5O2(g)P4O10(s)G298=2697.0kJ/mol...Ch. 16 - Is the formation of ozone (O3(g)) from oxygen...Ch. 16 - Consider the decomposition of red mercury(II)...Ch. 16 - Among other things, an ideal fuel for the control...Ch. 16 - Calculate G for each of the following reactions...Ch. 16 - Calculate G for each of the following reactions...Ch. 16 - Calculate the equilibrium constant at 25 C for...Ch. 16 - Calculate the equilibrium constant at 25 C for...Ch. 16 - Calculate the equilibrium constant temperature...Ch. 16 - Calculate the equilibrium constant temperature...Ch. 16 - Consider the following reaction at 298 K:...Ch. 16 - Determine the normal boiling point (in kelvin) of...Ch. 16 - Under what conditions is N2O3(g)NO(g)+NO2(g)...Ch. 16 - At mom temperature, the equilibrium constant (Kw)...Ch. 16 - Hydrogen sulfide is a pollutant found in natural...Ch. 16 - Consider the decomposition of CaCO3(s) into CaO(s)...Ch. 16 - In the laboratory, hydrogen chloride (HCl(g)) and...Ch. 16 - Benzene can be prepared from acetylene....Ch. 16 - Carbon dioxide decomposes into CO and O2 at...Ch. 16 - Carbon tetrachloride, an important industrial...Ch. 16 - Acetic acid, CH3CO2H, can form a dimer,...Ch. 16 - Nitric acid, HNO3, can be prepared by the...Ch. 16 - Determine G for the following reactions. (a)...Ch. 16 - Given that the Gf for Pb2+(aq) and Cl-(aq) is...Ch. 16 - Determine the standard free energy change, Gf, for...Ch. 16 - Determine the standard enthalpy change, entropy...Ch. 16 - The evaporation of one mole of water at 298 K has...Ch. 16 - In glycolysis, the reaction of glucose (Glu) to...Ch. 16 - One of the important reactions in the biochemical...Ch. 16 - Without doing a numerical calculation, determine...Ch. 16 - When ammonium chloride is added to water and...Ch. 16 - An important source of copper is from the copper...Ch. 16 - What happens to G (becomes more negative or more...
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- Chlorine dioxide, ClO2, is a reddish yellow gas used in bleaching paper pulp. The average speed of a ClO2 molecule at 25C is 306 m/s. What is the kinetic energy (in joules) of a ClO2 molecule moving at this speed?arrow_forwardNatural gas companies in the United States use the therm as a unit of energy. One therm is 1105 BTU. (a) How many joules are in one therm? (1J=9.48104BTU) (b) When propane gas, C3H8, is burned in oxygen, CO2 and steam are produced. How many therms of energy are given off by 1.00 mol of propane gas?arrow_forwardHow much heat, in joules and in calories, must be added to a 75.0g iron block with a specific heat of 0.449 Jig C to increase its temperature from 25 C to its melting temperature of 1535 C?arrow_forward
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