Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134605173
Author: Mark F. Sanders, John L. Bowman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16, Problem 10P
Based on the tree of life in Figure
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Ryan has sprained his ankle for the fifth time in the last few years. He believes he is now more prone to spraining it than he used to be. It also takes several weeks for it to feel better, unlike Grace, who twisted her ankle last weekend, but it feels better already. Explain what may be going on here on a molecular level, using the following questions as guidelines:
Why does it often take longer for a sprain to heal than it does simple breaks?
Propose a molecular reason that might explain why Ryan sprains his ankle more often now than he used to.
3. What sort of treatment do you think Grace may have used to speed up her healing? On a molecular level, how would this help?
Each of the ff. involves a disorder in the function of an organelle or other cell structure. Identify the organelle or structure involved and indicate whether it is likely to be underactive or active.
a) A maize plant is unable to survive due to recessive lethal gene which causes albinism.
b) A baby is placed on a low phenylalanine diet as his newborn screening results revealed that he inherited phenylketonuria.
c) A man develops pleiomorphic liposarcoma (rare cancer). The cause of the problem is a hard mass of cells in his right inner thigh that rapidly increased in size in a matter of 2 months.
d) A girl suddenly felt weak and manifested cyanide poisoning symptoms after ingesting undercooked cassava which contains cyanoglycosides.
e) A male chef learns that he is infertile because his sperm are non-motile.
Helping tags: biology, cell biology, cell structure, cell organelle
In an attempt to understand whether viruses rely on proteins or nucleic acids to transmit
their genetic information into their host cells, scientists were able to track the movement of
phosphorus and nitrogen from the virus to its host cell.
Which of the following describes the most likely conclusion from this observation?
A
B
с
D
The molecule that is transmitted by the virus is a protein since proteins contain nitrogen
but nucleic acids do not.
The molecule that is transmitted by the virus is a protein since proteins contain phos-
phorus but nucleic acids do not.
The molecule that is transmitted by the virus is a nucleic acid since nucleic acids contain
phosphorus but proteins do not.
The molecule that is transmitted by the virus is a nucleic acid since nucleic acids contain
nitrogen but proteins do not.
Chapter 16 Solutions
Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
Ch. 16 - You have discovered a new species of Archaea from...Ch. 16 - 16.2 Repetitive DNA poses problems for genome...Ch. 16 - 16.3 When the whole-genome shotgun sequence of the...Ch. 16 - How do cDNA sequences facilitate gene annotation?...Ch. 16 - 16.5 How do comparisons between genomes of related...Ch. 16 - 16.6 You are designing algorithms for the...Ch. 16 - 16.7 You have sequenced a region of the Bacillus...Ch. 16 - You have just obtained 100-kb of genomic sequence...Ch. 16 - 16.9 The human genome contains a large number of...Ch. 16 - Based on the tree of life in Figure 16.12, would...
Ch. 16 - 16.11 When comparing genes from two sequenced...Ch. 16 - 16.12 What is a reference genome? How can it be...Ch. 16 - Prob. 13PCh. 16 - Prob. 14PCh. 16 - 16.16 Consider the phylogenetic tree below with...Ch. 16 - You have isolated a gene that is important for the...Ch. 16 - 16.18 When the human genome is examined, the...Ch. 16 - Symbiodinium minutum is a dinoflagellate with a...Ch. 16 - Substantial fractions of the genomes of many...Ch. 16 - 16.21 A modification of the system, called the ...Ch. 16 - 16.22 A substantial fraction of almost every...Ch. 16 - 16.23 In the globin gene family shown in Figure ,...Ch. 16 - You are studying similarities and differences in...Ch. 16 - In conducting the study described in Problem 24,...Ch. 16 - Prob. 26PCh. 16 - Prob. 27PCh. 16 - Prob. 28PCh. 16 - Prob. 29P
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- You are a molecular biologist studying a defective human protein that is known to be the cause of a rare cancer. You isolate the suspected protein from a person with this cancer and compare it to the same protein in a person without the cancer. You discover that the protein isolated from the cancer patient is slightly smaller in size when compared to the protein from the unaffected patient. Furthermore, you discover that the protein from the cancer patient differs in almost every amino acid starting after the twenty-third amino acid. What is the likely explanation?arrow_forwardYou are a molecular biologist studying a defective human protein that is known to be a cause of a rare cancer. You isolate the suspected protein from a person with this cancer and compare it to the same protein in a person without the cancer. You discover that the protein isolated from the cancer patient is slightly smaller in size when compared to the protein from the unaffected patient. Furthermore, you discover that the protein from the cancer patient differs in almost every amino acid starting after the 23rd amino acid. What is the likely explanation?arrow_forwardWhich term among A-D is not correctly matched with its definition? A) O Slime layer: loose assemblage of polysaccharide material external to the cell envelope B) O Polysome or polyribosome formation: multiple ribosomes binding to a messenger RNA transcript C) O Replisome: two of these complexes working in opposite directions are needed to copy the bacterial chromosome D) O Nucleoid: cytoplasmic area containing the bacterial chromosome E) OA-D are all correctly matchedarrow_forward
- To construct an “interactome” like the one shown in Figure 9-21, scientists identify all of the protein interactions in a particular tissue or cell type. Comparison of interactomes from human muscle versus human brain tissue reveals very different patterns. If you were the scientist involved in this study, how would you explain these results?arrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology? O A) MRNA is transcribed into DNA, which is then translated into a protein B) DNA is translated into MRNA, which is then transcribed into a protein O C) DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated into a protein O D) MRNA is translated into DNA, which is then translated into a protein E) DNA is replicated into MRNA, which is then transcribed into a proteinarrow_forwardIf you’re comparing the sequences of protein “R” from multiple vertebrates, arthropods, protists, and bacteria, which PAM or BLOSUM matrix would be the most suitable compared to others? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forward
- Gene editing is also used to explore the structure and function ofproteins. For example, changes can be made to the coding sequenceof a gene to determine how alterations in the amino acid sequenceaffect the function of a protein. Let’s suppose that you areinterested in the functional importance of a particular glutamicacid (an amino acid) within a protein you are studying. By geneediting, you make mutant proteins in which the glutamic acidcodon has been changed to other codons. You then test the encodedmutant proteins for functionality. The results are as follows: FunctionalityNormal protein 100%Mutant proteins containingTyrosine 5%Phenylalanine 3%Aspartic acid 94%Glycine 4%From these results, what would you conclude about the…arrow_forwardA large ear of corn has a total of 4333 grains including 271 purple smooth,73 purple and shrunken, 63 yellow and smooth, and 26 yellow shrunken a) What is the Chi-square value? b) Make a hypothesis.arrow_forwardWhich of the following describe how the order of nucleotide bases along a gene in the DNA ultimately determines the primary structure of a protein and how the primary structure ultimately determines the three-dimensional shape and function of the protein coded for by that gene. A Certain amino acids in a protein interact with other amino acids in that same protein and so the order of amino acids ultimately determines the 3-dimensional tertiary structure of that protein. B The order of nucleotide bases along the DNA is transcribed into complementary tRNA which is translated into the correct amino acid sequence for the protein by mRNA. C The order of nucleotide bases along a gene determines the order of amino acids in the resulting protein. The order of amino acids in the protein is called its secondary structure.arrow_forward
- In Figure 1-8b, can you tell if the number of hydrogenbonds between adenine and thymine is the same as thatbetween cytosine and guanine? Do you think that aDNA molecule with a high content of A + T would bemore stable than one with high content of G + C?arrow_forwardConsider Molecule X, which is found in all living cells. Each form of this molecule is keyed to the genetic code for a particular amino acid. When activated, the amino acid is covalently bonded to one end of this molecule, and it carries the amino acid to a ribosome to take part in protein assembly. What is the name of X? Your answer should be one word, or a short two- or three-word phrase. Spelling counts. Note: if there is more than one possible answer, separate each answer with a comma. 0arrow_forwardConsider the synthesis of a polypeptide by a ribosome of a prokaryote cell. As the polymerization of amino acids to form a polypeptide chain occurs and the molecule is still completely linear, what is the level of structure in the protein? a) primary, b) secondary, c) tertiary, d) quaternary, e) Because they are ionic, they only form crystals.arrow_forward
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