Chapter 15.2, Problem 20SSC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The term ‘system’ in thermodynamics, and how this system is related to the surroundings and the universe is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

In thermodynamics, the primary goal is to determine the amount of heat getting exchanged between a system and its surroundings. The system is a small part of the universe in study, while surroundings are the rest of the universe that interact with the system.

Answer to Problem 20SSC

A system is a part of the universe in study, e.g. a piece of ice. The system interacts with the rest of the universe, which make up its surroundings. The nature of interaction is dependent on the type of the system. It can be of three main types:

1. Open system
2. Closed system
3. Isolated system

Explanation of Solution

The image describes a system in thermodynamics.

In this system, water is boiled is in an open pan. Water is the system and the air around it is its surroundings. Here, both matter in the form of water vapour and energy in the form of heat is getting exchanged between the system and its surroundings.

Conclusion

A system is a part of the universe in study, e.g. a piece of ice. The system interacts with the rest of the universe, which make up its surroundings.