Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780393912340
Author: Thomas R. Gilbert, Rein V. Kirss, Natalie Foster
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach
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- Most naturally occurring acids are weak acids. Lactic acid is one example. CH3CH(OH)CO2H(s)+H2O(l)H3O+(aq)+CH3CH(OH)CO2(aq) If you place some lactic acid in water, it will ionize to a small extent, and an equilibrium will be established. Suggest some experiments to prow that this is a weak acid and that the establishment of equilibrium is a reversible process.arrow_forwardConsider the following ions: NH4+, CO32, Br, S2, and ClO4. (a) Which of these ions in water gives an acidic solution and which gives a basic solution? (b) Which of these anions will have no effect on the pH of an aqueous solution? (c) Which ion is the strong base? (d) Write a chemical equation for the reaction of each basic anion with water.arrow_forwardA solution of sodium cyanide, NaCN, has a pH of 12.10. How many grams of NaCN are in 425 mL of a solution with the same pH?arrow_forward
- Hydrogen, H2S, and sodium acetate, NaCH3CO2 are mixed in water. Using Table 16.2, write a balanced equation for the acid-base reaction that could in principle, occur. Does the equilibrium lie toward the products or the reactants?arrow_forwardExplain why the pH does not change significantly when a small amount of an acid or a base is added to a solution that contains equal amounts of the acid H3PO4 and a salt of its conjugate base NaH2PO4.arrow_forwardIonization of the first proton from H2SO4 is complete (H2SO4 is a strong acid); the acid-ionization constant for the second proton is 1.1 102. a What would be the approximate hydronium-ion concentration in 0.100 M H2SO4 if ionization of the second proton were ignored? b The ionization of the second proton must be considered for a more exact answer, however. Calculate the hydronium-ion concentration in 0.100 M H2SO4, accounting for the ionization of both protons.arrow_forward
- If one mole of the following compounds were each placed into separate beakers containing the same amount of water, rank the Cl(aq) concentrations from highest to lowest (some may be equivalent): KCl, AlCl3, PbCl2, NaCl, HCl, NH3, KOH, and HCN.arrow_forwardSodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3, is used in baking powder formulations and in the manufacture of plastics and ceramics, among other things. If 26.3 g of the compound is dissolved in enough water to make 200. mL of solution, what is the concentration of NaHCO3? What are the concentrations of the ions in solution?arrow_forwardCommon Acids and Bases Use the data in Table 18.8 to answer the following questions. Which substance is the most basic? Which substance is closest to neutral? Which has a concentration of H+=4.01010M ? Which has a pOH of 11.0? How many times more basic is antacid than blood?arrow_forward
- A solution of acetic acid, HC2H3O2, on a laboratory shelf was of undetermined concentration. If the pH of the solution was found to be 2.57, what was the concentration of the acetic acid? The Ka of acetic acid is 1.7 105.arrow_forwardAn important component of blood is the buffer combination of dihydrogen phosphate ion and the hydrogen phosphate ion. Consider blood with a pH of 7.44. a What is the ratio of [H2PO4] to [HPO42]? b What does the pH become if 25% of the hydrogen phosphate ions are converted to dihydrogen phosphate ion? c What does the pH become if 15% of the dihydrogen phosphate ions are converted to hydrogen phosphate ions?arrow_forwardAcetic acid and sodium hydrogen carbonate, NaHCO3, are mixed in water. Write a balanced equation for the acid-base reaction that could, in principle, occur. Using Table 16.2, decide whether the equilibrium lies predominantly to the right or to the left.arrow_forward
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