Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780393912340
Author: Thomas R. Gilbert, Rein V. Kirss, Natalie Foster
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Morphine, C 17H 19NO 3, is often used to control severe post-operative pain. What is the pH of the solution made by dissolving 25.0 mg of morphine in 100. mL of
water? (For morphine, Kb = 1.62 x 10-6)
O 9.08
O 9.87
O 4.43
3.79
O 9.57
7.
Carbonic acid (H2CO3) is a diprotic acid with Ka1 = 4.30 × 10–7 and Ka2 = 5.60 × 10–11
What is the pH in a 1.834 M solution of carbonic acid?
8.
The ionization constant, Kb, for weak base, B, is 7.56 × 10–5. What is the pH of a 0.6545 M solution of this base?
The equation for the ionization of weak base B as follows.
B (aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ BH+(aq) + OH⁻(aq)
Over the past 250 years, the average upper-ocean pH near the Pacific Northwest has decreased by about 0.1 units, from about 8.2 to 8.1. This drop in pH corresponds to an increase in acidity of about 30%. When CO2 levels in seawater rise, the availability of carbonate ion, CO32−, This makes it more difficult for marine organisms to build and maintain shells and other body parts from calcium carbonate.
Calculate H3O+ and OH− concentrations at pH levels of 8.2 and 8.1.
Demonstrate by calculations that this decrease in pH corresponds to an increase in acidity of about 30%.
Explain the relationship between the pH of seawater and the availability of carbonate ion. Does the change in pH from 8.2 to 8.1 result in an increase or decrease in the availability of carbonate ion?
Chapter 15 Solutions
Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach
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- Nicotinic acid, C6H5NO2, is found in minute amounts in all living cells, hut appreciable amounts occur in liver, yeast, milk, adrenal glands, white meat, and corn. Whole wheat (lour contains about 60. 0g per gram of flour. One gram (1.00 g) of the acid dissolves in water to give 60. mL of solution having a pH of 2.70. What is the approximate value of Ka for the acid? Nicotinic acidarrow_forwardIn the following reaction of tetrafluoroboric acid, HBF4, with the acetate ion, C2H3O2, the formation of tetrafluoroborate ion, BF4 , and acetic acid, HC2H3O2 is favored. HBF4+C2H3O2BF4+HC2H3O2 Which is the weaker base, BF4 or acetate ion?arrow_forwardHydrazine, N2H4 (having the structure H2NNH2), and its derivatives have been used as rocket fuels. Draw the Lewis electron-dot formula for the hydrazine molecule. Describe the geometries expected about the nitrogen atoms in this molecule. Why would you expect hydrazine to be basic? Which substance, NH3 or N2H4, would you expect to be more basic? Why? Write the chemical equation in which hydrazine reacts with hydrochloric acids to form the salt N2H5Cl. Consider the positive ion of this salt. How does its basic character compare with that of NH3 and N2H4? Explain.arrow_forward
- 10. Calculate the pH of a 1.6 M solution of aniline salt (K, (aniline) = 4.3 x 1010). -N: H H Aniline Salt Anilinearrow_forwardDecide whether each of the following substances should be classified as a Lewis acid or a Lewis base. a. BC13 (Hint: Draw the electron dot structure.) O Lewis acid OLewis base b. C2H4 (NH2 )2, ethylenediamine (Hint: Draw the electron dot structure.) OLewis acid OLewis base c. The reactants in the reaction Fe* (aq) + 6 H2O(t)2 Fe(H2O)e + (aq) Lewis acid: Lewis base: Drag and drop your selection from the following list to complete the answer: Fe* (aq) H2 O(4) 3+arrow_forward1.Carbon occurs in water in 3 different photons, CO2, HCO3', and CO3 2. a- Is there a certain pH value at which carbon occurs in all 3 forms? Yes/NO b- In seawater (pH =8.2) the greatest percentage of carbon occurs in the form HCO3? Yes/NO 2.Carbon can occur in Water in three different fotons (substance) as Carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen carbonate (HCO3), or Carbonate ( The pH value of (water indicates how high the percentage of three forms is (substance amount). The diagram shows these substances amount depending on the pH value. 100 80 Hideogen Carbonate 60 Carbon dioxide Carbonate (Co) 20 PH value 10 11 12 13 Which of the following is correct A)ln Seawater (pH value of 8.2) The greatest percentage of carbon occurs in the form of HCO3 B) There is a pH value at which carbon occurs in water in the form of CO, as in the form of HCO3 and CO3 2 a. Only A is correct b. Only B is correct c. Both are correct d. None is correctn dlarrow_forward
- The active ingredient in aspirin is acetylsalicylic acid ( HC,H704), a monoprotic acid with a K, of 3.3 x 104 at 25 °C. Item 13 Part A A solution of sodium acetate (NaCH3CO0) has a pH of 9.72. The acid-dissociation constant for acetic acid is 1.8 x 10 5. What is the molarity of the solution? Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units. ? molarity = Value Unitsarrow_forwardWhat is the pH of a 0.24 M solution of sodium propionate, NaC3H5O2, (base) at 25°C? (For propionic acid, HC3H5O2, Ka 1.3 x 10-5 at 25°C.) O 4.87 O 6.34 O 7.66 9.13 O 11.10arrow_forwardBased on Arrhenius Theory's definition of base, why is Fe(OH)2 not a valid base? It seems that all Alkali, Alkali Earth, and Other Metals (e.g. Al(OH)3 can form bases with OH-, but Transition Metals cannot? Why is that?arrow_forward
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