Human Anatomy
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780135168059
Author: Marieb, Elaine Nicpon, Brady, Patricia, Mallatt, Jon
Publisher: Pearson Education, Inc.,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 13RQ
A friend asks you how the parasympathetic division, which comes only from cranial and sacral regions, is able to innervate organs in the thorax and abdomen. How would you answer that question?
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Which of the following is not correct about the parasympathetic division?
Select one:
O A. parasympathetic nerves constitute a part of the autonomic nervous system
O B. the neurotransmitter released by preganglionic neurons is acetylcholine
O C. parasympathetic nerves always form synapses in ganglia near or within an internal
organ
O D. the neurotransmitter released by postganglionic neurons is acetylcholine
O E. parasympathetic nerves exit the central nervous system at the thoracic and lumbar
regions of the spinal cord
Which of the following is not correct
about the parasympathetic
division?
Select one:
O A. the neurotransmitter released
by preganglionic neurons is
acetylcholine
O B. parasympathetic nerves
always form synapses in
ganglia near or within an
internal organ
O C. the neurotransmitter
released by postganglionic
neurons is acetylcholine
D. parasympathetic nerves
constitute a part of the
autonomic nervous system
O E. parasympathetic nerves exit
the central nervous system at
the thoracic and lumbar
regions of the spinal cord
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Steven had a stroke resulting in his having difficulty speaking. Ruth suffered a severe nerve injury to her left arm while working, but after a few weeks regained full use of her arm. Why is Steven having difficulty regaining his speaking ability; whereas, Ruth has regained full function in her arm. Base your answer on nervous system regeneration and repair. Please respond with 1-2 paragraphs.
(Hint: Section 12.10) Even though both injuries are nervous system injuries. There is a major difference between these two injuries: Central Nervous System versus Peripheral Nervous System!
Chapter 15 Solutions
Human Anatomy
Ch. 15 - Which fibers in the motor division of the PNS are...Ch. 15 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 15 - Where are the sympathetic ganglia located? Where...Ch. 15 - Are visceral sensory fibers considered part of the...Ch. 15 - Which spinal nerves carry parasympathetic...Ch. 15 - Prob. 6CYUCh. 15 - Prob. 7CYUCh. 15 - Why are white rami communicantes located only on...Ch. 15 - What is the general effect of sympathetic...Ch. 15 - Which types of autonomic fibers (preganglionic,...
Ch. 15 - Prob. 11CYUCh. 15 - Prob. 12CYUCh. 15 - Which region of the CNS is the main control center...Ch. 15 - Which embryonic tissue forms the postganglionic...Ch. 15 - Which division of the ANS is deficient in...Ch. 15 - Prob. 1RQCh. 15 - For each of the following terms or phrases, write...Ch. 15 - The thoracic splanchnic nerves contain which kind...Ch. 15 - The collateral ganglia contain which kind of cell...Ch. 15 - Preganglionic sympathetic neurons develop from (a)...Ch. 15 - Prob. 6RQCh. 15 - The white rami communicantes contain what kind of...Ch. 15 - Collateral sympathetic ganglia are involved. with...Ch. 15 - Is the visceral sensory nervous system part of the...Ch. 15 - (a) Describe the anatomical relationship of the...Ch. 15 - What effect does sympathetic activation have on...Ch. 15 - Which of the effects listed in question 11 would...Ch. 15 - A friend asks you how the parasympathetic...Ch. 15 - What manifestations of decreased ANS efficiency...Ch. 15 - The students in anatomy class were having...Ch. 15 - Describe the sympathetic pathways to the (a)...Ch. 15 - Prob. 17RQCh. 15 - Prob. 18RQCh. 15 - Prob. 19RQCh. 15 - How do the somatic motor and visceral motor (ANS)...Ch. 15 - A 1-year-old infant has a swollen abdomen and is...Ch. 15 - Prob. 2CRCAQCh. 15 - Prob. 3CRCAQCh. 15 - Prob. 4CRCAQCh. 15 - Prob. 5CRCAQCh. 15 - Prob. 6CRCAQCh. 15 - Prob. 7CRCAQCh. 15 - Prob. 8CRCAQ
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- Compare the primary mechanisms used by the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions to clear or remove neurotransmitters? In other words, how do they terminate their neurotransmitter activity? How do they differ from each other? Question #2 Barbra Streisand, age 79, has asthma. We are considering an adrenergic drug for treatment. For Ms. Streisand, what are the drug advantages and diadvantages associciated with the use of ephedrine isoproterenol metaproterenol albuterol terbutaline Would her age be a factor in selecting the best drug? Explain. Question #3 Steven Seagal, age 69, has hypertension and asthma. We are considering treating him with an adrenergic blocker. What are the advantages and disadvantages for each of the drugs below to treat high blood pressure? doxazosin prazosin propranolol metoprolol atenolol acebutolol What needs to be included when teaching individuals suffering from high blood pressure about the use of an adrenergic blocker?arrow_forwardHow can the sympathetic division cause smooth muscle torelax in some organs but contract in others?arrow_forwardAfter a stroke, Shekina has difficulty holding a pencil in her left hand correctly and can't write her name, but she has no difficulty with her balance or body posture. Where would you predict the damage to be in her CNS? Left rubrospinal tract, below the medulla Right corticospinal tract, above the medulla O Left corticospinal tract, above the medulla Right vestibulospinal tract, above the medullaarrow_forward
- Describe the sympathetic pathway from the CNS to the (a) heart; and (b) adrenal gland.arrow_forwardGiven these phrases:(1) neuron cell bodies in the nuclei of cranial nerves(2) neuron cell bodies in the lateral gray horn of the spinal cord(T1–L2 and S2–S4)(3) two synapses between the CNS and effectors(4) regulates smooth muscleWhich of the phrases are true for the autonomic nervous system?a. 1,3 b. 2,4 c. 1,2,3 d. 2,3,4 e. 1,2,3,4arrow_forwardThe effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers are cooperative ina. the heart.b. the reproductive system.c. the digestive system.d. the eyes.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is correct regarding the autonomic nervoussystem?a. It uses both cranial and spinal nerves.b. It is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.c. Most organs under ANS control are under dual innervation—thatis, by both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.d. Major responsibilities are regulation and repair of cardiacmuscle, smooth muscle, organs, and glands.e. All of these are correct.arrow_forwardA drug is known to decrease heart rate. After cutting the white ramiof T1–T4, the drug still causes the heart rate to decline. After cuttingthe vagus nerves, the drug no longer affects heart rate. Which divisionof the ANS does the drug affect? Does the drug affect the synapsebetween preganglionic and postganglionic neurons, the synapse betweenpostganglionic neurons and effectors, or the CNS? Is the drug’s effectexcitatory or inhibitory?arrow_forwardThe sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are very important in maintaining homeostasis in the human body. In your clinic you meet patients with either high blood pressure or low blood pressure. Explain how you will utilize either the sympathetic or parasympathetic systems to treat either a patient with high blood pressure or low blood pressure? (Take a patient with high blood pressure and describe what you will do and take a patient with low blood pressure and describe what you will do).arrow_forward
- Parasympathetic ganglia are located a. in a chain parallel to the spinal cord. b. in the dorsal roots of spinal nerves. c. next to or within the organs innervated. d. in the brain.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is correct regarding the autonomic nervoussystem?a. It uses both cranial and spinal nerves.b. It is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.c. Most organs under ANS control are under dual innervation—thatis, by both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.d. Major responsibilities are regulation and repair of cardiacmuscle, smooth muscles, organs, and glands.e. All of the above are correct.arrow_forwardPaul ate a big lunch and then decided to jog a mile, which was not a very good idea. His digestive system was put “on hold” while his sympathetic nervous system was stimulated to run. Trace the sympathetic pathway from the lateral gray horn of the spinal cord to the stomach.1. Identify the nerve that the preganglionic axons form.2. Name the effector (the tissue within the organ that is innervated by the postganglionic neuron).Burke is in the final 100 yards of a race with an opponent at his heels. His sympathetic nervous system is stimulating his adrenal medullae. Trace the sympathetic pathway from the lateral gray horn of the spinal cord to the adrenal medulla.3. Name the sympathetic ganglia in which the preganglionic axons synapse.arrow_forward
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