Human Anatomy
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780135168059
Author: Marieb, Elaine Nicpon, Brady, Patricia, Mallatt, Jon
Publisher: Pearson Education, Inc.,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 2RQ
For each of the following terms or phrases, write either S (for sympathetic) or P (for parasympathetic) division of the autonomic nervous system.
(1) short preganglionic axons, long postganglionic axons
(2) intramural ganglia
(3) craniosacral outflow
(4) adrenergic fibers
(5) cervical ganglia of the sympathetic trunk
(6) otic and ciliary ganglia
(7) more widespread response
(8) increases heart rate, respiratory rate, and. blood. Pressure
(9) increases motility of stomach and. secretion of lacrimal and salivary glands
(10) innervates blood vessels
(11) most active when you are lolling in a hammock
(12) most active when you are running in the Boston Marathon
(13) gray rami communicantes
(14) synapse in celiac ganglion
(15) relates to fear response induced by the amygdaloid body
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Select the best answer or answers from the choices given: The white rami communicantes contain what kind of fibers? (a) preganglionic parasympathetic, (b) postganglionic parasympathetic, (c) preganglionic sympathetic, (d) postganglionic sympathetic.
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STRUCTURE
FUNCTION(S)/CHARACTERISTIC(S)
SYMPATHETIC DIVISION
1
Preganglionic neuron
2
Postganglionic neuron
3
Gray horns of the spinal cord
4
Dorsal Roots of the spinal cord
5
Ventral Roots of the spinal cord
6
Dorsal Rami
7
Ventral Rami
8
White ramus communicans
9
Gray ramus communicans
10
Sympathetic trunk ganglion
(Paravertebral ganglia)
11
Superior cervical ganglion
12
Middle cervical ganglion
13
Inferior cervical ganglion
14 14a 14b 14c
Prevertebral ganglia
Celiac ganglion
Superior mesenteric ganglion
Inferior mesenteric ganglion
PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION
15
Preganglionic neuron
16
Postganglionic neuron
17
CN III Oculomotor nerve
18
CN VII Facial nerve…
Classify the following characteristics to demonstrate your knowledge of differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic
divisions of the autonomic nervous system.
Sympathetic Nervous System
Most ganglia lie close to the
spinal cord and form two chains
of ganglia-one on each side of
the spinal cord
Increases intestinal motility
and stimulates intestinal
secretion
Postganglionic axons are
generally short
Preganglionic axons are
generally short
Postganglionic axons release
NE that binds to adrenergic
receptors located on the
effectors
Decreases heart rate,
contractility, and conduction
velocity
Ganglia lie within, or very
close to, innervated organs
Decreases intestinal motility
and inhibits intestinal
secretion
Long preganglionic axons
release ACh that binds to
nicotinic receptors located within
the ganglia
Neurons leave the CNS from
the thoracic and lumbar
regions of the spinal cord
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Generalized activation is
called the fight-or-flight
response…
Chapter 15 Solutions
Human Anatomy
Ch. 15 - Which fibers in the motor division of the PNS are...Ch. 15 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 15 - Where are the sympathetic ganglia located? Where...Ch. 15 - Are visceral sensory fibers considered part of the...Ch. 15 - Which spinal nerves carry parasympathetic...Ch. 15 - Prob. 6CYUCh. 15 - Prob. 7CYUCh. 15 - Why are white rami communicantes located only on...Ch. 15 - What is the general effect of sympathetic...Ch. 15 - Which types of autonomic fibers (preganglionic,...
Ch. 15 - Prob. 11CYUCh. 15 - Prob. 12CYUCh. 15 - Which region of the CNS is the main control center...Ch. 15 - Which embryonic tissue forms the postganglionic...Ch. 15 - Which division of the ANS is deficient in...Ch. 15 - Prob. 1RQCh. 15 - For each of the following terms or phrases, write...Ch. 15 - The thoracic splanchnic nerves contain which kind...Ch. 15 - The collateral ganglia contain which kind of cell...Ch. 15 - Preganglionic sympathetic neurons develop from (a)...Ch. 15 - Prob. 6RQCh. 15 - The white rami communicantes contain what kind of...Ch. 15 - Collateral sympathetic ganglia are involved. with...Ch. 15 - Is the visceral sensory nervous system part of the...Ch. 15 - (a) Describe the anatomical relationship of the...Ch. 15 - What effect does sympathetic activation have on...Ch. 15 - Which of the effects listed in question 11 would...Ch. 15 - A friend asks you how the parasympathetic...Ch. 15 - What manifestations of decreased ANS efficiency...Ch. 15 - The students in anatomy class were having...Ch. 15 - Describe the sympathetic pathways to the (a)...Ch. 15 - Prob. 17RQCh. 15 - Prob. 18RQCh. 15 - Prob. 19RQCh. 15 - How do the somatic motor and visceral motor (ANS)...Ch. 15 - A 1-year-old infant has a swollen abdomen and is...Ch. 15 - Prob. 2CRCAQCh. 15 - Prob. 3CRCAQCh. 15 - Prob. 4CRCAQCh. 15 - Prob. 5CRCAQCh. 15 - Prob. 6CRCAQCh. 15 - Prob. 7CRCAQCh. 15 - Prob. 8CRCAQ
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- Select the best answer or answers from the choices given: All of the following characterize the ANS except (a) a two-neuron efferent chain, (b) presence of neuron cell bodies in the CNS, (c) presence of neuron cell bodies in the ganglia, (d) innervation of skeletal muscles.arrow_forwardFor each of the following statements about the parasympathetic nervous system, state whether it is true or false. Preganglionic fibers are relatively long [Select] Preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine [Select] Postganglionic neurons release acetylcholine [Select] Postganglionic neurons can stimulate the heart [Select] Preganglionic nerve fibers originate from the brainstem or from the sacral part of the spinal cord [Select] Postganglionic neurons can stimulate skeletal musclearrow_forwardWhich of the following is correct about the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? Select one: O A. sympathetic nerves exit the central nervous stem at the base of the brain and the sacral region of the spinal cord O B. the neurotransmitter released by postganglionic neurons is acetylcholine O C. the neurotransmitter released by postganglionic neurons is norepinephrine O D. sympathetic nerves form synapses in ganglia near or within an internal organ O E. sympathetic nerves typically exit the central nervous system and form ganglia located just outside the brainarrow_forward
- The “rest and digest” portion of the autonomic nervous system is also called the Question 4 options: A) Spinal autonomic B) Parasympathetic system C) Sympathetic systemarrow_forwardMr. Putuu has been diagnosed with Horner syndrome, which is caused by dysfunction of the sympathetic neurons in the superior cervical ganglion that innervate structures of the head, face, and neck. What symptoms is Mr. Chevalier likely to face due to his disease? Explain.arrow_forwardCompare and contrast (in as much detail as you can) the anatomical features and actions (function) mediated by two divisions of the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic division).arrow_forward
- Match the terms with the appropriate ANS division: P = parasympathetic division; S = sympathetic division. Use one or both choices to answer the question.1. two motor neurons2. short preganglionic axons3. long preganglionic axons4. innervates adrenal medullae5. terminal ganglia6. trunk or chain ganglia7. prevertebral ganglia8. craniosacral division9. thoracolumbar division10. activated during exercise, fighting, or fleeing11. rami communicantes12. promotes digestion13. short postganglionic axons14. long postganglionic axonsarrow_forwardChoose all of the following true statement(s) when describing the ventricles within the brain. A) Located on the dorsal side of the brain between the dura and pia mater B) Controls autonomic nerve response C) Filled with cerebrospinal fluid D) Processes sensory infomation E) Motor function controlling muscular movements F) The fourth ventricle can be seen posteroinferior to the colliculi 2. Which of the following cranial nerve's functions include sensation? A) I Olfactory B) II Optic C) III Oculomotor D) IV Trochlear E) V Trigeminal F) VI Abducens G) VII Facial H) VIII Vestibulocochlear I) IX Glossopharyngeal J) X Vagus K) XI Accessory L) XII Hypoglossalarrow_forwardThe limbic system is composed of several interconnected structures including the olfactory bulbs, amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, subcallosal gyrus, septal nuclei, mammillary bodies, and the thalamus. Pair each of these structures with their function listed below: -This limbic area is active when you are trying to memorize the names of brain areas. It is also severely atrophied in people suffering from late stages of Alzheimer’s Disease. -This limbic area is active when you are watching something that makes you feel sad. -This limbic area is active when you feel thirsty. -When the activity of this limbic area is increased you feel a sense of pleasure. -When this limbic area is damaged it often results in patients experiencing anterograde amnesia. -Damage to this limbic structure while rare often results in patients going into a coma. -This cortical limbic structure plays a large role in motivation and movement and has recently been…arrow_forward
- Describe the sympathetic pathway from the CNS to the (a) heart; and (b) adrenal gland.arrow_forward3) Which of the following describes the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system? a) Long myelinated preganglionic fibers, short nonmyelinated postganglionic fibers b) Long nonmyelinated preganglionic fibers, short myelinated postganglionic fibers c) Short myelinated preganglionic fibers, long nonmyelinated postganglionic fibers d) Short nonmyelinated preganglionic fibers, long myelinated postganglionic fibersarrow_forwardWhich of the following is correct about the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? Select one: O A. the neurotransmitter released by postganglionic neurons is norepinephrine O B. the neurotransmitter released by postganglionic neurons is acetylcholine O C. sympathetic nerves form synapses in ganglia near or within an internal organ O D. sympathetic nerves exit the central nervous system at the base of the brain and the sacral region of the spinal cord O E. sympathetic nerves typically exit the central nervous system and form ganglia located just outside the brainarrow_forward
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