Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 13P
Suppose a new mutation arises in a mitochondrial genome. Explain what would have to happen in order for the mutation to express itself
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All mutations in mitochondrial genes ultimately affect (whether directly or indirectly) the key function of mitochondria, which is to make ATP. Why then do mutations in different genes cause different diseases, with specific symptoms?
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Explain how mutations in mitochondrial genes cause humandiseases
Chapter 15 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 15 - Match each numbered item with the most closely...Ch. 15 - Assuming human cells have on average 1000...Ch. 15 - Reverse translation is a term given to the process...Ch. 15 - The human nuclear genome encodes tRNAs with 32...Ch. 15 - The human mitochondrial genome includes no genes...Ch. 15 - How do you know if the halibut you purchased at...Ch. 15 - Is each of these statements true of chloroplast or...Ch. 15 - Suppose you are characterizing the DNA of a...Ch. 15 - An example of a gene-targeting DNA plasmid vector...Ch. 15 - Which of the following characteristics of...
Ch. 15 - The Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear gene ARG8...Ch. 15 - The so-called hypervariable regions HV1 and HV2 of...Ch. 15 - Suppose a new mutation arises in a mitochondrial...Ch. 15 - Describe at least two ways in which the...Ch. 15 - Why are severe mitochondrial or chloroplast gene...Ch. 15 - Suppose you are examining a newly found plant...Ch. 15 - A form of male sterility in corn is inherited...Ch. 15 - Plant breeders have long appreciated the...Ch. 15 - A mutant haploid strain of Saccharomyces...Ch. 15 - Prob. 20PCh. 15 - What characteristics in a human pedigree suggest a...Ch. 15 - The first person in the family represented by the...Ch. 15 - In 1988, neurologists in Australia reported the...Ch. 15 - If you were a genetic counselor and had a patient...Ch. 15 - Kearns-Sayre syndrome KSS, Pearson syndrome, and...Ch. 15 - Many clinically relevant mitochondrial diseases...Ch. 15 - Leigh syndrome is characterized by psychomotor...Ch. 15 - All mutations in mitochondrial genes ultimately...Ch. 15 - How could researchers have determined that the...
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- The DNA located inside of mitochondria exhibits approximately ten times the mutation rate seen in nuclear DNA. Provide an explanation as to why this is the case and what are the effects of this higher mutation rate of mitochondrial DNA on disease processes?arrow_forwardDomestic dogs are closely related to wolves. Wolves have one copy of the gene that encodes the enzyme amylase. Amylase is required to digest starch. Dogs have between 4 and 30 copies of this gene. Explain how the new copies arose in the genome of the domestic dog. Compare this to the evolution of lactase persistence in humans. Explain how the diet and environment of a dog compared to a wolf would result in fixation of the duplicated gene. What possible explanation is there for the variation of copy number among dog breeds?arrow_forwardExplain why we expect mitochondria to have more mutations that are harmful to males than to females.arrow_forward
- Explain the action of the mitochondrial uncoupling proteinarrow_forwardIs each of these statements true of chloroplast or mitochondrial genomes, both, or neither?a. contain tRNA genesb. encode proteins that participate in electron transport pathwaysc. all genes necessary for function of the organelleare presentd. vary greatly in size from organism to organismarrow_forwardSuppose that a mutation resulted in a tapeworm that did not have hooks. Assuming this tapeworm was a human parasite, what is the most likely explanation of the effect might this have? The tapeworm would spread throughout the human body. The tapeworm would complete its entire life cycle inside the human host. The tapeworm would not remain in the digestive tract very long. The tapeworm would not be able to enter the human body. The tapeworm would reproduce more to compensate for a lack of hooks.arrow_forward
- You decide to move a human mitochondrial gene to the nuclear genome, placing it under the control of a nuclear promoter that causes constitutive transcription. Predict how the protein resulting from transcription of this gene in the nucleus and its translation in the cytoplasm will differ from this gene transcribed and translated in the mitochondria? Group of answer choices No protein will be made The resulting proteins would be identical The translated protein is likely to be shorter when transcribed and translated in the mitochondriaarrow_forwardReverse translation is a term given to the process ofdeducing the DNA sequence that could encode a particular protein. If you had the amino acid sequenceTrp His Ile Met:a. What human nuclear DNA sequence could haveencoded these amino acids? (Include all possiblevariations.)b. What human mitochondrial DNA sequence couldhave encoded these amino acids? (Include allpossible variations.)arrow_forwardAntibiotics such as chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and erythromycin inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria, but have no effect on the synthesis of proteins encoded by eukaryotic nuclear genes. Cycloheximide inhibits the synthesis of proteins encoded by nuclear genes, but has no effect on bacterial protein synthesis. How might these compounds be used to determine which proteins are encoded by mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes?arrow_forward
- How many copies of mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene are integrated in Human chromosomal DNA ?arrow_forwardYou are breeding mice for your honours research project. You notice that one batch of offspring all appear to be suffering from a mitochondrial disorder. Do you expect the maternal or paternal mouse to be the cause of the genetic disorder? Explain.arrow_forwardIn humans, the AMY1 gene produces the enzyme amylase in cells of the salivary glands. Amylase breaks down starch (a polysaccharide) into the sugar maltose (a disaccharide). People from cultures with diets high in starch produce more amylase than people from cultures with diets low in starch because of a mutation in the AMY1 gene. Explain in two to three sentences why the frequency of this AMY1 mutation would have increased in frequency in populations with a high starch diet.arrow_forward
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Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY