(a) Interpretation: The alkyl halide in dexamethasone should be classified as 1 ° , 2 ° or 3 ° . Concept Introduction: Compounds consist of carbon and hydrogen is known as hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are classified as saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon. Saturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon single bond is present as carbon is linked with four atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon multiple bonds are present that is double and triple bond. The compounds in which hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by halogen is known as alkyl halide. When the halogen is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to one other carbon atom is known as primary ( 1 ° ) alkyl halide. When the halogen is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to two other carbon atoms is known as secondary ( 2 ° ) alkyl halide. When the halogen is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms is known as tertiary ( 3 ° ) alkyl halide.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 14.9, Problem 14.21P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The alkyl halide in dexamethasone should be classified as 1° , 2° or 3°.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds consist of carbon and hydrogen is known as hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are classified as saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon. Saturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon single bond is present as carbon is linked with four atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon multiple bonds are present that is double and triple bond.

The compounds in which hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by halogen is known as alkyl halide.

When the halogen is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to one other carbon atom is known as primary ( 1° ) alkyl halide.

When the halogen is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to two other carbon atoms is known as secondary ( 2° ) alkyl halide.

When the halogen is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms is known as tertiary ( 3° ) alkyl halide.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The hydroxyl groups in dexamethasone should be classified as 1° , 2° or 3°.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds consist of carbon and hydrogen is known as hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are classified as saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon. Saturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon single bond is present as carbon is linked with four atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon multiple bonds are present that is double and triple bond.

When the hydroxyl group (-OH) is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to one other carbon atom is known as primary ( 1° ) alcohol.

When the hydroxyl group (-OH) is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to two other carbon atoms is known as secondary ( 2° ) alcohol.

When the hydroxyl group (-OH) is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms is known as tertiary ( 3° ) alcohol.

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(a) Label the acetal in salicin, a naturally occurring pain reliever isolated from the bark of the willow tree. (b) How many 1° OH groups does salicin contain?

Ethyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring. It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l) Part A Given 7.30 gg of butanoic acid and excess ethanol, how many grams of ethyl butyrate would be synthesized, assuming a complete 100%% yield? Express your answer in grams to three significant figures. Part B A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.95 gg of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield? Express your answer as a percent to three significant figures. Part C The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0%% yield. How many grams would be produced from 7.30 gg of…

Ethyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring. It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l) Given 8.45 gg of butanoic acid and excess ethanol, how many grams of ethyl butyrate would be synthesized, assuming a complete 100%% yield? Express your answer in grams to three significant figures. A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.50 gg of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield? Express your answer as a percent to three significant figures. The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0%% yield. How many grams would be produced from 8.45 gg of butanoic acid and excess…

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 14.9, Problem 14.21P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The alkyl halide in dexamethasone should be classified as 1° , 2° or 3°.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds consist of carbon and hydrogen is known as hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are classified as saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon. Saturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon single bond is present as carbon is linked with four atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon multiple bonds are present that is double and triple bond.

The compounds in which hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by halogen is known as alkyl halide.

When the halogen is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to one other carbon atom is known as primary ( 1° ) alkyl halide.

When the halogen is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to two other carbon atoms is known as secondary ( 2° ) alkyl halide.

When the halogen is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms is known as tertiary ( 3° ) alkyl halide.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The hydroxyl groups in dexamethasone should be classified as 1° , 2° or 3°.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds consist of carbon and hydrogen is known as hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are classified as saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon. Saturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon single bond is present as carbon is linked with four atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon multiple bonds are present that is double and triple bond.

When the hydroxyl group (-OH) is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to one other carbon atom is known as primary ( 1° ) alcohol.

When the hydroxyl group (-OH) is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to two other carbon atoms is known as secondary ( 2° ) alcohol.

When the hydroxyl group (-OH) is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms is known as tertiary ( 3° ) alcohol.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 14.9, Problem 14.21P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The alkyl halide in dexamethasone should be classified as 1° , 2° or 3°.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds consist of carbon and hydrogen is known as hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are classified as saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon. Saturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon single bond is present as carbon is linked with four atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon multiple bonds are present that is double and triple bond.

The compounds in which hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by halogen is known as alkyl halide.

When the halogen is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to one other carbon atom is known as primary ( 1° ) alkyl halide.

When the halogen is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to two other carbon atoms is known as secondary ( 2° ) alkyl halide.

When the halogen is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms is known as tertiary ( 3° ) alkyl halide.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The hydroxyl groups in dexamethasone should be classified as 1° , 2° or 3°.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds consist of carbon and hydrogen is known as hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are classified as saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon. Saturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon single bond is present as carbon is linked with four atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon multiple bonds are present that is double and triple bond.

When the hydroxyl group (-OH) is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to one other carbon atom is known as primary ( 1° ) alcohol.

When the hydroxyl group (-OH) is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to two other carbon atoms is known as secondary ( 2° ) alcohol.

When the hydroxyl group (-OH) is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms is known as tertiary ( 3° ) alcohol.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 14.9, Problem 14.21P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The alkyl halide in dexamethasone should be classified as 1° , 2° or 3°.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds consist of carbon and hydrogen is known as hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are classified as saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon. Saturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon single bond is present as carbon is linked with four atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon multiple bonds are present that is double and triple bond.

The compounds in which hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by halogen is known as alkyl halide.

When the halogen is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to one other carbon atom is known as primary ( 1° ) alkyl halide.

When the halogen is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to two other carbon atoms is known as secondary ( 2° ) alkyl halide.

When the halogen is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms is known as tertiary ( 3° ) alkyl halide.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The hydroxyl groups in dexamethasone should be classified as 1° , 2° or 3°.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds consist of carbon and hydrogen is known as hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are classified as saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon. Saturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon single bond is present as carbon is linked with four atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon multiple bonds are present that is double and triple bond.

When the hydroxyl group (-OH) is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to one other carbon atom is known as primary ( 1° ) alcohol.

When the hydroxyl group (-OH) is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to two other carbon atoms is known as secondary ( 2° ) alcohol.

When the hydroxyl group (-OH) is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms is known as tertiary ( 3° ) alcohol.

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Answer 5

Chapter 14.9, Problem 14.21P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The alkyl halide in dexamethasone should be classified as 1° , 2° or 3°.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds consist of carbon and hydrogen is known as hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are classified as saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon. Saturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon single bond is present as carbon is linked with four atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon multiple bonds are present that is double and triple bond.

The compounds in which hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by halogen is known as alkyl halide.

When the halogen is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to one other carbon atom is known as primary ( 1° ) alkyl halide.

When the halogen is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to two other carbon atoms is known as secondary ( 2° ) alkyl halide.

When the halogen is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms is known as tertiary ( 3° ) alkyl halide.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The hydroxyl groups in dexamethasone should be classified as 1° , 2° or 3°.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds consist of carbon and hydrogen is known as hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are classified as saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon. Saturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon single bond is present as carbon is linked with four atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon multiple bonds are present that is double and triple bond.

When the hydroxyl group (-OH) is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to one other carbon atom is known as primary ( 1° ) alcohol.

When the hydroxyl group (-OH) is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to two other carbon atoms is known as secondary ( 2° ) alcohol.

When the hydroxyl group (-OH) is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms is known as tertiary ( 3° ) alcohol.

Answer 6

Chapter 14.9, Problem 14.21P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The alkyl halide in dexamethasone should be classified as 1° , 2° or 3°.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds consist of carbon and hydrogen is known as hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are classified as saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon. Saturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon single bond is present as carbon is linked with four atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon multiple bonds are present that is double and triple bond.

The compounds in which hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by halogen is known as alkyl halide.

When the halogen is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to one other carbon atom is known as primary ( 1° ) alkyl halide.

When the halogen is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to two other carbon atoms is known as secondary ( 2° ) alkyl halide.

When the halogen is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms is known as tertiary ( 3° ) alkyl halide.

Answer 7

Chapter 14.9, Problem 14.21P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The alkyl halide in dexamethasone should be classified as 1° , 2° or 3°.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds consist of carbon and hydrogen is known as hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are classified as saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon. Saturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon single bond is present as carbon is linked with four atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon multiple bonds are present that is double and triple bond.

The compounds in which hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by halogen is known as alkyl halide.

When the halogen is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to one other carbon atom is known as primary ( 1° ) alkyl halide.

When the halogen is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to two other carbon atoms is known as secondary ( 2° ) alkyl halide.

When the halogen is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms is known as tertiary ( 3° ) alkyl halide.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The hydroxyl groups in dexamethasone should be classified as 1° , 2° or 3°.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds consist of carbon and hydrogen is known as hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are classified as saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon. Saturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon single bond is present as carbon is linked with four atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon multiple bonds are present that is double and triple bond.

When the hydroxyl group (-OH) is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to one other carbon atom is known as primary ( 1° ) alcohol.

When the hydroxyl group (-OH) is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to two other carbon atoms is known as secondary ( 2° ) alcohol.

When the hydroxyl group (-OH) is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms is known as tertiary ( 3° ) alcohol.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The hydroxyl groups in dexamethasone should be classified as 1° , 2° or 3°.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds consist of carbon and hydrogen is known as hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are classified as saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon. Saturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon single bond is present as carbon is linked with four atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon multiple bonds are present that is double and triple bond.

When the hydroxyl group (-OH) is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to one other carbon atom is known as primary ( 1° ) alcohol.

When the hydroxyl group (-OH) is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to two other carbon atoms is known as secondary ( 2° ) alcohol.

When the hydroxyl group (-OH) is present on the carbon atom and that carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms is known as tertiary ( 3° ) alcohol.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 14.1P Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 14.2P Ch. 14.2 - Classify each hydroxyl group in sorbitol as 1°,...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 14.4P Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 14.5P Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 14.6P Ch. 14.3 - Give the structure corresponding to each name a....Ch. 14.5 - Draw the products formed when each alcohol is...Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 14.9P Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 14.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the structure of alkyl halide in dexamethasone. Hydrocarbons are classified as saturated and unsaturated.

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