Microeconomics
21st Edition
ISBN: 9781259915727
Author: Campbell R. McConnell, Stanley L. Brue, Sean Masaki Flynn Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 14, Problem 1RQ
To determine
Characteristics of the oligopoly.
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Consider an oligopolistic market with 5 identical firms that choose their profit-maximizing quantities simultaneously. Suppose each firm has constant
marginal costs of $123 per unit and the market elasticity of demand is - 1.08.
What is the change in the prevailing market price if one additional firm joins the market? Assume that the potential entrant is identical to the incumbent
firms.
O A. -7.71
O B. - 5.51
O C. -9.92
O D. - 6.89
1.Briefly state the basic characteristics of pure competition, pure monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. Under which of these market classifications does each of the following most accurately fit? (a) a supermarket in your hometown; (b) the steel industry; (c) a Kansas wheat farm; (d) the commercial bank in which you or your family has an account; (e) the automobile industry. In each case, justify your classification. LO1
Ma3.
You operate in a duopoly in which you and a rival must simultaneously decide what price to charge for the same homogeneous product. Assume each you and your rival can choose a “low price” or a “high price”. If you each charge a low price, you each earn zero profits. If you each charge a high price, you each earn profits of $3 million. If you charge different prices, the one charging the high price loses $5 million and the one charging the low price makes $5 million.
What is the Nash equilibrium for the non-repeated version of this game?
Now suppose the game is infinitely repeated. If the interest rate is 10%, can you do better than you could in the non-repeated version of this game? If your answer is “yes”, provide the players’ strategies and any other conditions that must hold.
Chapter 14 Solutions
Microeconomics
Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 1QQCh. 14.2 - The D2e segment of the demand curve D2eD1 in graph...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 3QQCh. 14.2 - Prob. 4QQCh. 14 - Prob. 1DQCh. 14 - Prob. 2DQCh. 14 - Prob. 3DQCh. 14 - Prob. 4DQCh. 14 - Prob. 5DQCh. 14 - Prob. 6DQ
Ch. 14 - Prob. 7DQCh. 14 - Prob. 8DQCh. 14 - Prob. 9DQCh. 14 - Prob. 10DQCh. 14 - Prob. 11DQCh. 14 - Prob. 12DQCh. 14 - Prob. 13DQCh. 14 - Prob. 14DQCh. 14 - Prob. 1RQCh. 14 - Prob. 2RQCh. 14 - Prob. 3RQCh. 14 - Prob. 4RQCh. 14 - Prob. 5RQCh. 14 - Prob. 6RQCh. 14 - Prob. 7RQCh. 14 - Prob. 8RQCh. 14 - Prob. 9RQCh. 14 - Prob. 10RQCh. 14 - Prob. 1PCh. 14 - Prob. 2PCh. 14 - Prob. 3P
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- Explain what is Oligopoly and duopoly? Are firms in Oligopoly large firms or small firms? What is product differentiation, price discrimination and profit maximization under Oligopoly? Give two examples each of product differentiation and price discrimination. What is the optimum point of production and minimum cost point of a firm under Oligopoly? Explain and draw AR and MR curves as (a) kinked demand curve; (b) Collusion (cartels) and (c) Price leadership model.arrow_forwardThe graph below shows a duopolistic market. The firms in this market produce and sell identical products. The graph below shows the market demand, a corresponding marginal revenue curve for the product, and an identical marginal cost curve for each firm. Assume both firms have the goal of maximising economic profit. If the two firms were to collude, what would be the total economic profit made by each firm? O O O $24 $6 $16 $8 Price ($) 10 9 8 7 $0 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 Insufficient information to determine economic profit of each firm. 1 2 3 4 MR 5 6 7 8 9 MC D 10 Quantityarrow_forwardRawlding is a manufacturer in the oligopolistically competitive market for footballs. Two other manufacturers, Spaldon and Wilke, compete with Rawlding for football consumers. Rawlding faces the demand curve for footballs depicted on the graph. Initially, Rawlding charges $30 per football, producing and selling 7 million footballs per year. PRICE (Dollars per ball) 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 O 7 8 FOOTBALLS (Millions of balls) 9 10 G As an oligopolist, Rawlding is a price maker. If Rawlding raises the price of its football from $30 to $32 per ball, the quantity of Rawlding footballs demanded by million footballs per year. If Rawlding reduces the price of its football from $30 to $28 per ball, the quantity of by million footballs per year. (Hint: Click on the points on the graph to see their coordinates.) footballs demanded If Rawlding raises the price of its football above $30, the kinked demand curve model suggests that Spaldon and Wilke will respond by The portion of Rawlding's…arrow_forward
- An oligopolistic market structure is distinguished by several characteristics, one of which is market control by a few large firms. What are some other characteristics of this market structure? Check all that apply. O No entry O Mutual interdependence O Difficult entry O Neither mutual interdependence nor mutual dependence O Either homogeneous or differentiated productsarrow_forwardWhat is a feature common to both Monopolistic-Competition and Oligopoly type of markets? O productive efficiency will occur in both the short run and long run, a desirable economic property of markets. many smaller sized firms can produce the good or service at lower cost per unit than larger sized firms, thus large firms fail in the long run. the demand curve for each firm is not going to be purely elastic, because products are at least slightly different than potential rival firms' product and/or there may be some consumer brand loyalty. Firms in both types of markets eventually will be broken up by government anti-trust laws and regulations. MacBook Pro く※ G Search or type URL 6 7 8. 3 4. W Earrow_forwardQUESTION 4 If Bertrand duopolists respectively have marginal costs of 10 (firm 1) and 8 (firm 2), which of the prices below can arise in Nash equilibrium? (Assume that prices must be quoted in full cents, e.g. $0.99 or $1, but $0.995 is not possible. If prices are equal, half of the customers buy from each firm.) O Both firms charge $8.01. Firm 1 charges $10 and firm 2 charges $8. Both firms charge $9. Firm 1 charges $10 and firm 2 charges $9.99.arrow_forward
- 2. Ryan and Zheka produce the same homogeneous product and each has constant marginal costs of \$7. Market demand is linear, with vertical intercept 60 and horizontal intercept 30. Ryan and Zheka are Bertrand competitors, so pricing is important to them. What price will each charge in the unique Nash equilibrium of this Bertrand duopoly? a) Both charge a price of \$6. b) Both charge a price of \$7. c) Both charge a price of \$20. d) One charges \$7, the other stays out of the market.arrow_forward11 21. Imagine an N firm oligopoly for "nominally differentiated" goods. That is, each of the N firms produces a product that "looks" different from the products of its competitors, but that "really" isn't any different. However, each firm is able to fool some of the buying public. Specifically, each of the N firms (which are identical and have zero marginal cost of production) has a captive market -consumers who will buy only from that firm. The demand generated by each of these captive markets is given by the demand function Pn A- Xn , where Xn is the amount supplied to this captive market and Pn is the price of the production of firm n. There is also a group of intelligent consumers who realize that the products are really undifferentiated. These…arrow_forwardConsider two firms that produce identical products in a situation of duopoly. The two firms have the same marginal cost. Which of the following statements is true: O Under Cournot competition, the equilibrium price is lower than the equilibrium price under Bertrand competition O Under Cournot competition, the equilibrium price will be at the same level as the equilibrium price under perfect competition Under Cournot competition, the equilibrium price will be at the same level as the price under a monopoly O Under Bertrand competition, the equilibrium price will be at the same level as the equilibrium price under perfect competition O The two firms will end up producing different levels of outputarrow_forward
- 1. Which market structure(s) will have zero economic profits in the long run? 2. Which market structure(s) will be a price maker and have barriers to entry? 3. There are currently 8 firms in a particular market. There firm sales are given in the table below. (1) What is the four-firm concentration ratio for this industry? (2) Would you classify it as an oligopoly? Firm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sales $1,000 $1,500 $2,000 $2,500 $3,000 $1,000 $500 $2,500 4. Although market structures vary widely in their characteristics, (1) what is one common aspect among all of them? (2) What is the potential calculation for your previous answer (Answers in 4.1)? 5. In the long run, (1) which market structures are likely to have their average cost curve just sit on top of their demand curve? (2) What does this imply for each market structure? (3) Are there any differences in the market structures you gave in your previous answer? 6. What market structure(s) are likely to cause a net loss to societal welfare?arrow_forwardSuppose that in the fast-food restaurant industry the four largest restaurants account for 30%, 20%, 15%, and 5% of the market share, respectively, and the 10 other small restaurants each account for 3%. If two of the 10 small restaurants merged, other things being equal, what would be the four-firm concentration ratio (CR) and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI). respectively? Select one: O a. 71%; 1640 O b. 70%; 1640 c. 71%; 1658 o d. 70%; 1658arrow_forwardThe inverse demand for a homogenous-product Stackelberg duopoly is P = 10-Q where Q=Q1 + Q2. The cost structure for the two firms, respectively, are C(Q1) = 4Q1 and C2(Q2) = 2Q2. Suppose Firm 2 is the leader. What is the equilibrium profit for the leader? O 7.5 O 10.5 O 12.5 O 0.5 O 0.25arrow_forward
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