Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 14, Problem 1COQ
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of genetic regulation at the different levels shown in Figure 14.4.
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Discuss any 1 gene regulation mechanism. Describe the gene expression in this type of gene regulation. Use 3-4 sentences only.
The diagram below shows a closeup of regulatory proteins binding to one of the UASG elements near the GAL7, GALI0, and GALI
genes, which code for the protein products needed for yeast to use the sugar galactose. The red triangle symbolizes an "effector"
molecule that binds to Gal80p. In this hypothesis (which has since been shown to be incorrect), what could be happening to Gal80p
when it is bound to the effector molecule that causes it to change its position and uncover the Gal4p transcriptional activation domain.
Hint: think about what effector molecules do upon binding to proteins such as the the Lac repressor protein or the CAP protein.
Galactose absent, glucose absent
Gal80p.
_Activation domain
Gal4p
dimer
-Binding domain
UASG
Galactose present, glucose absent
Activation domain
Gal80p-
Binding domain
UASG
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Chapter 14 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 14.2 - Which genes are under the control of the lac...Ch. 14.2 - With regard to regulatory proteins and small...Ch. 14.2 - What were the key observations made by Jacob,...Ch. 14.2 - CoreSKILL What was the eventual hypothesis...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 3EQCh. 14.2 - Core Skill: Connections Look back at Fig 9.12....Ch. 14.2 - What are the advantages of having both an...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 2CSCh. 14.3 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 14.4 - What are the two opposing effects that histone...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 1CSCh. 14.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 14.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 14 - Prob. 1TYCh. 14 - Prob. 2TYCh. 14 - Transcription factors that bind to DNA and...Ch. 14 - Prob. 4TYCh. 14 - For the lac operon, what would be the expected...Ch. 14 - Prob. 6TYCh. 14 - The trp operon is considered _____ blank operon...Ch. 14 - Prob. 8TYCh. 14 - Prob. 9TYCh. 14 - _____ blank refers to the process that allows a...Ch. 14 - Prob. 1CQCh. 14 - Transcriptional regulation often involves a...Ch. 14 - Prob. 3CQCh. 14 - Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 14 - Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of...
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- Which mechanisms for regulating gene expression may be applied for the treatment of such diseases? Propose a method of treatment. Explain how it might work. Reference: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/ar3317arrow_forwardMessenger RNA molecules are very difficult to isolate in bacteria because they are rather quickly degraded in the cell. Can you suggest a reason why this occurs? Eukaryotic mRNAs are more stable and exist longer in the cell than do bacterial mRNAs. Is this an advantage or a disadvantage for a pancreatic cell making large quantities of insulin?arrow_forwardTranscriptional repressor proteins (e.g., lac repressor), antisense RNA, and feedback inhibition are three different mechanisms that turn off the expression of genes and gene products. Which of these three mechanisms will be most effective in each of the following situations? A. Shutting down the synthesis of a polypeptide B. Shutting down the synthesis of mRNA C. Shutting off the function of a protein For your answers to parts A–C that list more than one mechanism, which mechanism will be the fastest or the most efficient?arrow_forward
- You wish to find the cis-acting regulatory DNA elements responsible for the transcriptional responses of two genes, c-fos and globin. Transcription of the c-fos gene is activated in response to fibroblast growth factor (FGF), but it is inhibited by cortisol (Cort). On the other hand, transcription of the globin gene is not affected by either FGF or cortisol, but it is stimulated by the hormone erythropoietin (EP). To find the cis-acting regulatory DNA elements responsible for these transcriptional responses, you use the following clones of the c-fos and globin genes, as well as two “hybrid” combinations (fusion genes), as shown in the diagram below. The letter A represents the intact c-fos gene, D represents the intact globin gene, and B and C represent the c-fos–globin gene fusions. The c-fos and globin exons (E) and introns (I) are numbered. For example, E3(f) is the third exon of the c-fos gene and I2(g) is the second intron of the globin gene. (These labels are provided to help you…arrow_forwardUsing three examples, describe how allosteric sites are important in the function of genetic regulatory proteins.arrow_forwardDiscuss the following argument: “if the expression of every gene depends on a set of transcription regulators, then the expression of these regulators must also depend on the expression of other regulators, and their expression must depend on the expression of still other regulators, and so on. cells would therefore need an infinite number of genes, most of which would code for transcription regulators.” how does the cell get by without having to achieve the impossible?arrow_forward
- The following DNA sequence has been determined from DNA isolated from a bit of prehistoric amber material. A corresponds to a complete transcriptional unit without entrance. Use the genetic code to predict the primary sequence of the polypeptide encoded by this preserved DNA. (show all work including relevant molecular intermediates, and provide detailed and appropriate labels)arrow_forwardThe lac genotypes are as shown below: P+OcZ-Y+A+// P¯O+Z+Y+A+ (i) The lac operon consists of three structural genes, lacZ, lacY and lacA. Which structural genes are involved in lactose metabolism? Explain. (ii) Draw and explain how lactose repress the gene expression in lac IS/I- heterozygote. (iii) What is the function of the promoter in the bacterial operon?arrow_forwardProvide a detailed description of gene expression and control in prokaryotes. Provide a detailed description of proteins critical for this process. (please hand draw a figure showing gene expression and control in prokaryotes and the proteins involved)arrow_forward
- Please describe the 3 main players in the GTPase cycle (GTPase, GAP, GEF)arrow_forwardWHAT ELSE CAN I ADD TO THIS DISCUSSION In general, what is gene regulationand what are the consequences if this process goes awry? Gene regulation is the process used to control the timing, location and amount of genes expressed. The process is carried out by a variety of mechanisms, including regulatory proteins and chemical modification of DNA. It’s key to the ability of an organism to respond to environmental changes. If the gene regulation process goes awry, these alterations are called mutations and can accumulate over a lifetime. Errors in genes that control cell division can cause cancer and other genetic mutations to take place.arrow_forwardCompare the control of gene regulation in eukaryotes and prokaryotes at the level of initiation of transcription. How do the regulatory mechanisms work? What are the similarities and differences in these two types of organisms in terms of the specific components of the regulatory mechanisms? Address how the differences or similarities relate to the biological context of the control of gene expression.arrow_forward
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