Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 14, Problem 2CQ
Transcriptional regulation often involves a regulatory protein that binds to a segment of DNA and a small effector molecule that binds to the regulatory protein. Does each of the following terms apply to a regulatory protein, a segment of DNA, or a small effector molecule?
- a. repressor
- b. inducer
- c. operator
- d. corepressor
- e. activator
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Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Define the following terms: a. promoter b. consensus sequence c. operon d. chromatin-remodeling complex e. general transcription factors
Which of the following mechanisms is an example of post-transcriptional gene regulation?
A. binding of a repressor protein to an operon
B. alternative splicing of exons in an RNA transcript
C. acetylation of histones in chromatin
D. methylation of specific regions of DNA
Transcriptional repressor proteins (e.g., lac repressor), antisense RNA, and feedback inhibition are three different mechanisms that turn off the expression of genes and gene products. Which of these three mechanisms will be most effective in each of the following situations?
A. Shutting down the synthesis of a polypeptide
B. Shutting down the synthesis of mRNA
C. Shutting off the function of a protein For your answers to parts A–C that list more than one mechanism, which mechanism will be the fastest or the most efficient?
Chapter 14 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 14.2 - Which genes are under the control of the lac...Ch. 14.2 - With regard to regulatory proteins and small...Ch. 14.2 - What were the key observations made by Jacob,...Ch. 14.2 - CoreSKILL What was the eventual hypothesis...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 3EQCh. 14.2 - Core Skill: Connections Look back at Fig 9.12....Ch. 14.2 - What are the advantages of having both an...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 2CSCh. 14.3 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 14.4 - What are the two opposing effects that histone...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 1CSCh. 14.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 14.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 14 - Prob. 1TYCh. 14 - Prob. 2TYCh. 14 - Transcription factors that bind to DNA and...Ch. 14 - Prob. 4TYCh. 14 - For the lac operon, what would be the expected...Ch. 14 - Prob. 6TYCh. 14 - The trp operon is considered _____ blank operon...Ch. 14 - Prob. 8TYCh. 14 - Prob. 9TYCh. 14 - _____ blank refers to the process that allows a...Ch. 14 - Prob. 1CQCh. 14 - Transcriptional regulation often involves a...Ch. 14 - Prob. 3CQCh. 14 - Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 14 - Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of...
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- Which of the following is an example of positive control? (a) transcription occurs when a repressor binds to an inducer (b) transcription cannot occur when a repressor binds to a corepressor (c) transcription is stimulated when an activator protein binds to DNA (d) a and b (e) a and carrow_forwardthere is the statement: "Both stem cells and specialized cells have all the same genes. They differ in the regulation of those genes and express very different sets of genes ". Which one of the following explanations best accounts for this difference in stem cell and specialized cell gene expression? A. Stem cells and specialized cells have different activators and repressors that affect transcription B. Stem cells and specialized cells have different promoter sequences for their genes, thus affecting transcription C. Stem cells and specialized cells have different ribosomes that affect translation D. Stem cells and specialized cells use different start codons on mRNAs, thus affecting translationarrow_forwardWhich of the following is not an example of constitutively expressed gene? a. genes for cell division and growth b. genes involved in DNA repair c. genes for cellular respiration d. genes that function in ATP synthesisarrow_forward
- Compare and contrast regulation by a repressor and an activator.arrow_forwardWhen taken up by a cell, which of the following molecules binds to a repressor so that the repressor no longer binds to the operator? a) inducer b) promoter c) repressor d) corepressorarrow_forwardE. coli are grown on a medium containing lactose. Once glucose is added to the medium, the bacteria stop fermenting lactose. Which of the following BEST explains the observed effect? A. Cellular levels of cAMP are lowB.Glucose is bound to the promoter C. Repressor protein is bound to the operator D. Repressor protein is bound to the promoterarrow_forward
- A strain of bacteria possesses a temperature-sensitive mutation in the gene that encodes the rho subunit. At high temperatures, rho is not functional. When these bacteria are raised at elevated temperatures, which of the following effects would you expect to see? Explain your reasoning for accepting or rejecting each of these five options. a. Transcription does not take place. b. All RNA molecules are shorter than normal. c. All RNA molecules are longer than normal. d. Some RNA molecules are longer than normal. e. RNA is copied from both DNA strands.arrow_forwardWhat are positive regulators (activators) and negative regulators (repressors)? Describe.arrow_forwardPositive regulators are called: A. Repressors B. Activators C. Enhancers D. None of the abovearrow_forward
- Explain how small effector molecules affect the function of activators and repressors.arrow_forwardExplain how small effector molecules affect the functions of activators and repressors.arrow_forwardE. coli has five genes that code for enzymes that make tryptophan. These genes are regulated by a single promoter and transcribed as one long gene. The presence of tryptophan shut down the production of tryptophan by the cell by binding to the repressor. This changes the repressors shape allowing it to bind to DNA operator, blocking RNA polymerase and cutting off the production of tryptophan. a. Describe what woud happen to the operon if some of the cells had a mutation on the repressor, not allowing it to bind with tryptophan. The repressor is described as an allosteric protein. What does this mean? b. Does the tryptophan model demonstrate an inducible or repressible operon? What is your evidence? *arrow_forward
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