Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 14, Problem 13TYU
The pedigree belowtraces the inheritance of alkaptonuria, a biochemical disorder. Affected individuals, indicated here by the colored circles and squares, are unable to
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The pedigree below traces the inheritance of Albinism, a genetic disorder. Affected individuals, indicated here by the colored gray circles and squares, are unable to make a normal amount of melanin, the chemical that is responsible for eye, skin, and hair color. Does Albinism appear to be caused by a dominant allele or by a recessive allele? Fill in the genotypes of the individuals whose genotypes can be deduced. What genotypes are possible for each of the other individuals? Explain!
Take the example of B-thalassemia, an autosomal recessive genetic disease that particularly affects people from around the Mediterranean. This disease is associated with an anomaly of hemoglobin, a protein essential for the transport of oxygen, which is composed of four chains: two alpha (a) and two beta (B). In case of B-thalassemia, the ẞ chains are produced in insufficient or no quantity in an individual homozygous recessive resulting in insufficient production of overall hemoglobin leading to anemia and other physiological challenges.
The gene that controls the synthesis of the ẞ chains is located on chromosome 11. Here is part of the coding portion of this gene (which controls a total of 146 amino acids and of which you only see the portion 36 to 41) and one of the targeted mutations:
1. Give the sequence of amino acids from the template and mutated strands. 2. What type of point mutation is it?
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Many genetic disorders exhibit locus heterogeneity. Define andgive two examples of locus heterogeneity. How does locus heterogeneityconfound a pedigree analysis?
Chapter 14 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 14.1 - DRAW IT Pea plants heterozygous for flower...Ch. 14.1 - WHAT IF? List all gametes that could be made by a...Ch. 14.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS In some pea plant crosses, the...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 14.2 - Two organisms, with genotypcs BbDD and BBDd, are...Ch. 14.2 - WHAT IF? Three characters (flower color, seed...Ch. 14.3 - What two properties, one structural and one...Ch. 14.3 - If a man with type AB blood marries a woman with...Ch. 14.3 - WHAT IF? A rooster with gray feathers and a hen...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 14.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 14.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS In Table 14.1, note the...Ch. 14 - When Mendel did crosses of true-breeding purple-...Ch. 14 - DRAW IT Redraw the Punnett Square on The right...Ch. 14 - Inheritance patterns are often more complex than...Ch. 14 - Both members of a couple know that they are...Ch. 14 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 14 - A man with type A blood marries a woman with type...Ch. 14 - A man has six fingers on each hand and six toes on...Ch. 14 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 14 - Flower position, stem length, and seed shape are...Ch. 14 - Hemochromatosis is an inherited disease caused by...Ch. 14 - The genotype of F1, individuals in a tetrahybrid...Ch. 14 - What is the probability that each of thc following...Ch. 14 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 14 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 14 - In tigers, a recessive allele of a particular gene...Ch. 14 - In maize (com) plants,a dominant allele I inhibits...Ch. 14 - The pedigree belowtraces the inheritance of...Ch. 14 - Imagine that you are a genetic counselor, and a...Ch. 14 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Over the past half century,...Ch. 14 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY You are handed a mystery pea...Ch. 14 - Prob. 17TYUCh. 14 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Just for fun, imagine...
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- The following pedigree shows the pattern of inheritance of red-green color blindness in a family. Females are shown as circles and males as squares; the squares or circles of individuals affected by the trait are filled in black. What is the chance that a son of the third-generation female indicated by the arrow will be color blind if the father is not color blind? If he is color blind?arrow_forwardThe pedigree below shows three generations of a family that carries albinism, an autosomal recessive genetic disease. In the third generation, a child was born with albinism but the genotypes of the rest of the family are unknown. No other family members have the disease. Assume normal, Mendelian genetics with no new mutations. What are the genotypes of the parents of the affected child? A) There is not enough information to determine their genotypes B) Both are homozygous for albinism C) One is hemizygous and one is heterozygous for albinism D) Both are heterozygous for albinism E) One is homozygous and one is heterozygous for abinismarrow_forwardRegarding Mendelian inheritance in diploid individuals, (Read each statement carefully. Select all of the statements below that are true (that you agree with). Leave any statements that are false (that you do not agree with) un- selected.) a diploid individual receives two copies of every autosome from the previous generation. for every autosomal gene inherited by an individual, both copies can come from one parent. a diploid individual gives two copies of every autosome to a child in the next generation. to be diploid means that two independent genes are specified in the individual's genotype.arrow_forward
- The following pedigree illustrates the inheritance of Nance–Horan syndrome, a rare genetic condition in which affected people have cataracts and abnormally shaped teeth.arrow_forwardThe pedigree below shows that inheritance of a disease that is caused by a late onset, dominant, autosomal mutation that is rare, but only 50% penetrant. The gene that is mutated in the disease is linked at a distance of 10 cm to a microsatellite marker that has alleles numbered 1, 2, and 3. The marker alleles detected in each individual are indicated below. What is the probability that individual A will develop the disease? Explain using an illustration of this occurs.arrow_forwardThe following pedigree illustrates the inheritance of ringed hair, a condition in which each hair is differentiated into light and dark zones. What mode or modes of inheritance are possible for the ringed-hair trait in this family?arrow_forward
- In the following pedigree, is the disorder’s mode of inheritanceautosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked recessive?Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardThe following pedigree illustrates the inheritance of a rare neurologicaldisease. What is the most likely mode of inheritance for this disorder?Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardIn humans, ABO blood types refer to glycoproteins in the membranes of red blood cells. There are three alleles for this autosomal gene: IA, IB, and i. The IA allele codes for the A sugar, The IB allele codes for the B sugar, and the i allele doesn't code for any sugar. IA and IB are codominant, and i is recessive to both IA and IB. If an individual with type AB blood has a child with an individual with type O blood, what blood types could their children possibly have?arrow_forward
- Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive trait. A three-generation pedigree is shown below for a family that carries the mutant allele for cystic fibrosis. Note that carriers are not colored in to allow you to figure out their genotypes. Normal allele = F CF mutant allele = f What is the genotype of individual #13? A) ff B) FF C) Ff D) it is impossible to tellarrow_forwardThis pedigree traces the inheritance of a trait in humans. Based on this pedigree, is the allele for this disease dominant or recessive? Is it sex-linked? Explain. What genotypes are most probable for the individuals labeled 4, 7, and 10?arrow_forwardWhat is the most likely pattern of inheritance for this disorder? (Is it autosomal dominant? Autosomal recessive? X-linked dominant? X-linked recessive? Y-linked? Mitochondrial?) Please include two specific pieces of evidence, present within the pedigree, that indicate that this pattern is most likely, as opposed to any other potential pattern. You may assume that the gene responsible for the trait is fully penetrant.arrow_forward
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