Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 13.5, Problem 1CSC
Summary Introduction
To determine:
How can a functional chloride channel (CFTR protein) produced by CFTR alleles causes cystic fibrosis.
Introduction:
Cystic fibrosis is the recessive genetic disorder caused by defective alleles of a gene that encodes a crucially important protein called CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator). It occurs when a person is homozygous for defective CFTR alleles. The CFTR protein is found in the pancreas, intestine, sweat glands, and in the cells lining the airways of the lungs. Mutations in the CFTR genes affect the structure and function of the protein.
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Introns in mRNA bind to tRNA at the ribosome
true
False
Cystic Fibrosis is a genetically heritable disease caused by the loss of the chloride channel, CFTR. Studies of this gene have found that the Gene includes 250,000bp in the DNA. Scientists found that the mRNA had 6,500 nucleotides, and the final protein had 1480 amino acids.
How much of the mRNA is untranslated?
How much of the RNA that is produced does not leave the nucleus?
One of the mutations that results in a disease phenotype can be easily identified because the mutation results in a much longer mRNA then normal. Where would you look for this mutation? What might this mutation have affected?
Spliceosomes include all of the following EXCEPT
enzymes catalyzing acetylation of histone proteins
snRNPs
RNA-annealing proteins
ATP-dependent RNA-unwinding proteins
Chapter 13 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 13.1 - explain the difference between transcription and...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 1TCCh. 13.2 - Prob. 2TCCh. 13.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 13.3 - Prob. 1TCCh. 13.3 - describe the process of translation?Ch. 13.3 - explain how the production of mRNA differs between...Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 13.3 - Prob. 1CSC
Ch. 13.4 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 13.4 - expiain why different mutations can have different...Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 13.5 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 13.5 - Envision yourself as a physician. A mother,...Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 1TCCh. 13.5 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 13.5 - explain which controls over gene expression are...Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 13 - Prob. 1MCCh. 13 - Which of the following is not true of RNA? a. It...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3MCCh. 13 - Prob. 4MCCh. 13 - Prob. 5MCCh. 13 - Synthesis of RNA from the instructions in DNA is...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 13 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 13 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 13 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 13 - If a nucleotide is replaced by a different...Ch. 13 - Prob. 1RQCh. 13 - Name the three types of RNA that are essential to...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3RQCh. 13 - Prob. 4RQCh. 13 - Prob. 5RQCh. 13 - Prob. 6RQCh. 13 - Prob. 7RQCh. 13 - Define mutation. Describe four different effects...Ch. 13 - Prob. 1ACCh. 13 - Prob. 2AC
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- Mutated DNA Sequence #1 T A C A T C T T G G C G A C G A C T … What’s the mRNA sequence? (Circle the change) What will be the amino acid sequence? Will there likely be effects? What type of mutation is this?arrow_forwardMutations that introduce stop codons cause a number of genetic diseases. For example, from 2% to 5% of the people who have cystic fibrosis possess a mutation that causes a premature stop codon in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). This premature stop codon produces a truncated form of CFTRthat is nonfunctional and results in the symptoms of cystic fibrosis . One possible way to treat people with genetic diseases caused by these types of mutations is to trick the ribosome into reading through the stop codon, inserting an amino acid in its place. Although the protein produced may have one altered amino acid, it is more likely to be at least partly functional than is the truncated protein produced when the ribosome stalls at the stop codon. Indeed, geneticists have conducted clinical trials of a drug called PTC124 on people with cystic fibrosis. This drug interferes with the ribosome’s ability to correctly read stop codons . On the basis of…arrow_forwardTable 8.2: Transcription and translation of the first 7 codons in the B-globin chain of hemoglobin. Normal Sequence Mutated Sequence DNA DNA amino acid DNA DNA amino Codon MRNA Codon MRNA coding template strand coding template strand strand acid code code strand sequence sequence G 1 1 G G C 2 A 2 A 3 G G A A 4 4 C G A G G G G 7 A 7 A G G Shape of RBC Shape of RBC 23 3.arrow_forward
- Given the following mRNA, write the double-stranded DNA segment that served as the template. Indicate both the 5 and the 3 ends of both DNA strands. Also write out the tRNA anticodons and the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the mRNA message. DNA: mRNA: 5-CCGCAUGUUCAGUGGGCGUAAACACUGA-3 protein: tRNA:arrow_forwardThe following is a portion of a protein: met-trp-tyr-arg-gly-pro-thr-Various mutant forms of this protein have been recovered. Using the normal and mutant sequences, determine the DNA and mRNA sequences that code for this portion of the protein, and explain each of the mutations. a. met-trp- b. met-cys-ile-val-val-leu-gln- c. met-trp-tyr-arg-ser-pro-thr- d. met-trp-tyr-arg-gly-ala-val-ile-ser-pro-thr-arrow_forwardFigure 15.16 Many antibiotics inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. For example, tetracycline blocks the A site on the bacterial ribosome, and chloramphenicol blocks peptidyl transfer. What specific effect would you expect each of these antibiotics to have on protein synthesis? Tetracycline would directly affect: tRNA binding to the ribosome ribosome assembly growth of the protein chain Chloramphenicol would directly affect tRNA binding to the ribosome ribosome assembly growth of the protein chainarrow_forward
- gene normally contains an N' terminal ER signal sequence and an internal stop transfer sequence. The ER signal sequence is recognized and used during the protein trafficking process, as normal. After translation is completed a signal peptidase enzyme cleaves the N' ER signal sequence but the internal sequence is not cleaved. Which of the following figures best represents the orientation of the protein product after translation? N Extracellular Extracellular Extracellular Extracellular -N' C' N Lumen Lumen Lumen Lumen N' A В Carrow_forwardFigure out the mutation. You will need the codon table for this question. WT genomic sequence of a really small gene and matching complete amino acid sequence of its gene product. GGT ATG GGG ACT TTG AGG ATG ATA AGG CGT AAA TAA ATAT Met Gly Thr Leu Arg Met Ile Arg Arg Lys A mutant is found that has the following protein sequence: Met Gly Thr Leu Arg Gly. What is the likely mutation? between T14 and G15, insert T. G7 -> del. T5 -> del. G29, T30, A31 -> del between T14 and G15, insert AA. A31 -> T. C11 -> delarrow_forwardPoint mutations in multiple tumor suppressor proteins have been linked to cancer. For example changes in the gene for adenomatous-polyposis-coli protein (APC gene) may result in colorectal cancer. Consider the following DNA sense strand. 3'-TAC CGG TTG TGA AGC TGA ATC-5' (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Derive the mRNA molecule from the given DNA strand sequence above, paying attention to the polarity of the molecule. Write down the polypeptide chain sequence arising from the mRNA molecule of the question above, using the table of the genetic code (Table Q1 overleaf) and indicate the C- and the N-terminus of the peptide chain. Point mutations of a cytosine (C) often lead to the dysfunction of the APC protein. Write down all possible polypeptide chains that can result from all possible DNA mutations of cytosines, disregarding a mutation in the MET/START and STOP codons. I Specify which of the point mutations identified in (d) are redundant?arrow_forward
- Gene A Gene B Gene C Low levels of gene A transcription generates some transcripts of the gene. No transcription of gene B leads to no synthesis of protein B. Continuous transcription of gene C generates many transcripts of the gene. Translation of each of the gene A transcripts generates some protein A. Translation of each of the gene C transcripts generates many molecules of protein C. FIGURE 7.4 The Level of Gene Expression Can Be Controlled ? How does the fact that MRNA is quickly degraded help a cell control gene expression?arrow_forward(b) (c) Point mutations in multiple tumor suppressor proteins have been linked to cancer. For example changes in the gene for adenomatous-polyposis-coli protein (APC gene) may result in colorectal cancer. Consider the following DNA sense strand. 3-TAC CGG TTG TGA AGC TGA ATC-5' Derive the mRNA molecule from the given DNA strand sequence above, paying attention to the polarity of the molecule. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Write down the polypeptide chain sequence arising from the mRNA molecule of the question above, using the table of the genetic code (Table Q1 overleaf) and indicate the C- and the N-terminus of the peptide chain. Point mutations of a cytosine (C) often lead to the dysfunction of the APC protein. Write down all possible polypeptide chains that can result from all possible DNA mutations of cytosines, disregarding a mutation in the MET/START and STOP codons. Specify which of the point mutations identified in (d) are redundant? For the given tRNA for Thrombin (Thr) write down all…arrow_forwardHow are ribosomes affected in treacher Collins Syndrome disorder? Please write it in a summarized/simple way. And include it in bullet points. Thank you so mucharrow_forward
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