Table 8.2: Transcription and translation of the first 7 codons in the B-globin chain of hemoglobin. Normal Sequence Mutated Sequence DNA DNA amino DNA DNA amino Codon MRNA Codon MRNA coding template strand coding template strand strand acid acid # code code strand sequence sequence G G 1 1 G G 2 A 2 A 3 3 G A A 4 4 C 5 G A G G 7 A 7 A G Shape of RBC Shape of RBC
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- This is part of the Escherichia coli DNA sequence that contains an inverted repeat. (Note: top strand is the coding strand). 5'-AACGCATGAGAAAGCCCCCCGGAAGATCACCTTCCGGGGGCTTTATATAATTAGC-3' 3'-TTGCGTACTCTTTCGGGGGGCCTTCTAGTGGAAGGCCCCCGAAATATATTAATCG-5' (i) Draw the structure of hairpin loop that will be formed during the end of transcription. (ii) Describe the function of the hairpin loop during transcription.The sequence below is a template strand sequence for a gene (a very short one!). Identify the start codon and the amino acid sequence of this gene. Write your answer in 3 letter amino acid code. Put a hyphen between each amino acid. You should also include a description of any working or steps you have taken to determine your answer. 5' AGTCAGCAAGAAGACATCAGTGTTCCCATCTGT 3' Paragraph V B I U A = 8⁰ + v 11.Below is a sequence of DNA.5'-ttaccgataattctctctcccctcttccatgattctgattaaagaaggcgagaacgaaactatttgttaatacc-3' How many "reading frames" can be identified for this sequence? How many "open reading frames" can be identified for this sequence? What is the frame of the longest ORF? How many codons are in the longest ORF? What is the frame of the shortest ORF? How many AA are in the shortest ORF? Using the one letter code for Amino Acids, what is the predicted AA sequence of the shortestORF (from N to C-terminal end)? Using the one letter code for Amino Acids, what is the predicted AA sequence of the longestORF (from N to C-terminal end)?
- 6. Refer to the figure answer the following questions. CLUSTAL W (1.83) multiple sequence alignment R-------WVDIALECERYLAPK 50 Human_AA Oyster AA Corn_AA -MKLFWLLFTIGFCWAQYSSN--TQQGRTSIVHLFEWR- -QVILWCLLYVGVVRGGTWSNPTCAPGRHTITHLFEWK-------WSDIAAECERFLGPM 52 MAKHLAAMCRCSLLVLVLLCLGSQLAQSQVLFQGFNWESWKKOGGWYNYLLGRVDDIAAT 60 : : : : *:*. Human AA Oyster AA Corn_AA GFGGVQVSPPNENVAIHNPFRPWWERYQPVSYKLCTRSGNEDEFRNMVTRCNNVGVRIYV 110 GYCGVQISPPNENRIVTSPNRPWWERYQPVSYKLVTRSGNEADLRDMVQRCNKVNVRIYA 112 GATHVWLPPPSHSVAPQGYMPGRLYDLD---ASKYGTHAELKSLTAAFHAKGVKCVA 114 :: *.. ::: .:. : * Human_AA Oyster AA Corn_AA DAVINHMCGNAVSAGTSSTCGSYFNPGSRDFPAVPYSGWDFNDG-KCKTGSGDIENYNDA 169 DVVINHMTG-AGGSGTG-TGGSHWDGGSLSYPGVPFSSWDFNSGSECSTGDGNIHNYNDP 170 DVVINHRCA---DYKDGRGIYCVFEGG---TPDSRLDWGPDMICSDDTQYSN--GRG 163 :: Figure: Sequence alignment a) How many different species are used as the source of sequence in this analysis? I. two I. one III. threel IV. four b) What does the (*) mark mean in this alignment result? I.…From the mRNA base sequence CUU-AUG-GCU-UGG-CCC-UAA A.What anticodon sequences of tRNA’s are coded? B.What was the base sequence in the original DNA strand was made? Please answer completely will give rating surely Both questions answers neededBelow is a sequence of DNA. 5'-ttaccgataattctctctcccctcttccatgattctgattaaagaaggcgagaacgaaactatttgttaatacc-3' How many codons are in the longest ORF? What is the frame of the shortest ORF? How many AA are in the shortest ORF?
- Below is the DNA sequence of a patient with overlapping genes (a single mRNA has multiple initiation points for translation) for two different proteins (DADαs and AMA): 5’- GTCCCAACCATGCCCACCGATCTTCCGCCTGCTTCTGAAGATGCGGGCCCAGGGAAATCTCTAACG-3’ 1. Indicate the DNA sequence coding for RNA. 2. Indicate the amino acid sequence of each of them.BM4_DNA AND PROTEIN S X /1FAIPQLSDP_g5B-629FSHNpGnTMIEppLS4A71zBd4vcUBqNUILubXONw/formResponse 4. What is the nitrogen base pair of Adenine in transcription? O Cytosine O Uracil O guanine O thymine 5. The central dogma of Molecular Biology states that There are four nitrogen bases in DNA, two purines (adenine and guanine) and two pyrimidines (cytosine and thymine). Which process is not included in the central dogma? duplication transcription translation O translocation LeadpleFirst Letter A G U с 22. Using the provided "Genetic Code-Reference" answer the following question. Based on the following DNA template strand, write out the amino acid chain produced. 23. Consider the following mRNA base codon sequence 5'-AUC-GAA-3' and the provided "Genetic Code-Reference". Genetic Code-Reference UUU UUC UUA UUG CUU CUC CUA CUG (mutated or silent) (mutated or silent) b. Briefly explain your reasoning for each. (be sure to include both parts) AULLY AUU a. Label which of the following would result in a mutated amino acid sequence or a silent mutation. (May help to first determine the original amino acid sequence, then compare to mutations) U Phe mRNA codon sequence: anticodon sequence: amino acid sequence: Leu Leu 5'-AUA-GAA-3' Val 5'- AUC-GAC-3' AUC Ille AUA AUAJ *AUG Met/Start GUU GUC GUA GUG UCU UCC UCA UCG) CCU) CCC ccc CCA 000 CCG ACU ACU ACC ACA ACG, C GCU GCC GCA GCG Second Letter Ser Pro Thr 3'-CAA-GTC-TGT-5' Ala UAU UAC) Tyr Туг A **UAA Stop UAG Stop CAU] CACJ…
- III. Deletion of C IV. Both I & II 6. Refer to the figure answer the following questions. CLUSTAL W (1.83) multiple sequence alignment Human_AA Oyster AA Corn_AA -MKLEWLLFTIGFCWAQYSSN--TOOGRTSIVHLFEWR-------WVDIALECERYLAPK 50 -QVILNCLLYVvGVVRGGTWSNPTCAPGRHTITHLFEWK- -WSDIAAECERFLGPM 52 MAKHLAAMCRCSLLVLVLLCLGSQLAQSOVLFOGFNWESWKKOGGWYNYLLGRVDDIAAT 60 : : : : *:*. %3: .. O Human_AA Oyster AA Corn AA GFGGVOVSPPNENVAIHNPFRPWWERYOPVSYKLCTRSGNEDEFRNMVTRCNNVGVRIYV 110 GYCGVOISPPNENRIVTSPNRFWWERYOPVSYKLVTRSGNEADLRDMVQRCNKVNVRIYA 112 GATHVWLPPPSHSVAPOGYMPGRLYDLD------ASKYGTHAELKSLTAAFHAKGVKCVA 114 ::*.. : ::.:. :.*: Human_AA Oyster AA Corn AA DAVINHMCGNAVSAGTSSTCGSYFNPGSRDFPAVPYSGWDFNDG-KCKTGSGDIENYNDA 169 DVVINHMTG-AGGSGTG-TGGSHWDGGSLSYPGVPFSSWDFNSGSECSTGDGNIHNYNDP 170 DVVINHRCA---DYKDGRGIYCVFEGG------TPDSRLDWGPDMICSDDTQYSN--GRG 163 :: * ***** Figure: Sequence alignment a) How many different species are used as the source of sequence in this analysis? I. two I. one II. three IV. four b) What…Original DNA DNA Protein TACGCTATGAGC Methionine-Arginine-Tyrosine-Serine Mutation #1 DNA What type of mutation occurred? substitution insertion duplication deletion TACTCTATGAGC3’-TCTTCGTGAGATGATATAAGAGTTATCCAGGTACCGGTAAACTGG-5’ 5’-AGAAGCACTCTACTATATTCTCAATAGGTCCATGGCCATTTGACC-3’ Write down the mRNA transcript from DNA above.