Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134605173
Author: Mark F. Sanders, John L. Bowman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 13, Problem 9P
Compare and contrast the transcriptional regulation ofGAL genes in yeast with that of the lac genes in bacteria.
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Describe how transcription would be affected in the Galactose metabolizing pathway in Yeast in the presence of the following mutations.
1. A mutation that resulted in an inability of Gal80 to enter the nucleus.
2. A mutation that resulted in a lack of ability of Gal3 to bind galactose.
Compare the control of gene regulation in eukaryotes and prokaryotes at the level of initiation of transcription. How do the regulatory mechanisms work? What are the similarities and differences in these two types of organisms in terms of the specific components of the regulatory mechanisms? Address how the differences or similarities relate to the biological context of the control of gene expression.
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Chapter 13 Solutions
Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
Ch. 13 - 13.1 Devoting a few sentences to each, describes...Ch. 13 - 13.2 Describe and give an example (real or...Ch. 13 - What is meant by the term chromatin remodeling?...Ch. 13 - 13.4 What general role does acetylation of histone...Ch. 13 - 13.5 Describe the roles of writers, readers, and...Ch. 13 - Outline the roles of RNA in eukaryotic gene...Ch. 13 - 13.7 What are the roles of the Polycomb and...Ch. 13 - Most biologists argue that the regulation of gene...Ch. 13 - Compare and contrast the transcriptional...Ch. 13 - The term heterochromatin refers to heavily...
Ch. 13 - 13.11 Compare and contrast promoters and enhancers...Ch. 13 - 13.12 What are the different chromatin...Ch. 13 - 13.13 Define epigenetics, and provide examples...Ch. 13 - What is one proposed role for lncRNAs?Ch. 13 - 13.15 What are the sources of dsRNA? Diagram the...Ch. 13 - How does dsRNA lead to posttranscriptional gene...Ch. 13 - 13.17 A hereditary disease is inherited as an...Ch. 13 - Prob. 18PCh. 13 - Prob. 19PCh. 13 - 13.20 A muscle enzyme called ME is produced by...Ch. 13 - Using the components in the accompanying diagram,...Ch. 13 - 13.22 The majority of this chapter focused on gene...
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- Debes et al recently described how aging in humans, mice, nematodes, and other eukaryotes is associated with an increase in the average speed of transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II. Overexpression of some proteins that decreased PolII elongation speed extended lifespan in the fly Drosophila. For each of the following proteins, predict whether overexpression of that protein (assuming all other cellular components are normal) would likely reduce transcriptional speed, and briefly justify your answer. a) Mediator proteinsb) Histone proteinsc) Insulator binding proteinsarrow_forwardThere are similarities and differences during regulation of gene expression in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Promoters, transcription factors and RNA polymerase are essential elements in transcription but their properties and function may differ.a) Predict the outcome or consequences of mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II in eukaryote without the presence of transcription factors (TF).arrow_forwardIdentify which eukaryotic level of gene regulation is most applicable in the given examples. (Pre-transcriptional control, Transcriptional control, Translational control, Post-translational control) The mouse REST gene is under the control of a promoter region which contains alternative promoters. Functional insulin required the association of two polypeptides known as the A and B chains. In Drosophila, differential mRNA decay rate is crucial during neural development. The glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase is activated by dephosphorylation and inactivated by phosphorylation. In the fruit fly, genes for rRNA can be replicated more or less often compared to the rest of the chromatin depending on the needs of the cell. In the human beta-globin, two introns are spliced out in order to produce the mature mRNA. DNA methylation can change the degree of condensation of the chromatin.arrow_forward
- Searching the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome, researchers found approximately 4,000 DNA sites with a sequence which could potentially bind the yeast transcription factor GAL4. GAL4 activates the transcription of galactose genes. Yet there are only 10 GAL4-binding sites which control the genes necessary for galactose metabolism. The GAL4 binding sequence is CGGAT#AGAAGC*GCCG, where # is T, C or G, and * is C or T. In one chromatin immunoprecipitation experiment (ChIP), yeast growing on galactose were lysed, and subjected to cross-linking reagents which cross-linked transcription factors and activators to DNA. Next the DNA was sheared into small fragments, and antibodies to GAL4 were added. These antibodies coprecipitated the GAL4 and the DNA it was cross-linked to. The cross-linking was then chemically reversed, and the DNA was isolated, cloned into a library of plasmids and sequenced. Results showed that only 10 different DNA sequences had GAL4 bound. Since the…arrow_forwardCompare the control of gene regulation in eukaryotes and bacteria at the level of initiation of transcription. How do the regulatory mechanisms work? What are the similarities and differences in these two types of organisms in terms of the specific components of the regulatory mechanisms?arrow_forwardname TWO mechanisms of control of gene expression that are only used by eukaryotes and discuss why each of those mechanisms wouldn’t be possible in prokaryotes.arrow_forward
- Briefly explain How does post-transcriptional regulation work in prokaryotic and eukarrow_forwardThe MAT locus allows yeast to switch mating type through a very complex mechanism. However, it has informed us a great deal about what aspects of gene expression typical to all organisms? Options: higher order changes in chromatin affect transcriptional efficiency that general transcription factors must first bind directly to histone tails and only then can they interact with their cognate binding sites that DNA methylation is involved in this silencing mechanism that SIR2 is required for all types of transcriptional repression that expression of Pol III genes provides a means of identifying active chromatinarrow_forwardGal4 is a transcription factor that activates transcription of galactose metabolism genes in yeast. These genes are ‘turned on’ when yeast cells need to metabolize galactose. To identify promoter sequences necessary for regulation of transcription of GAL1, reporter gene fusions were made and introduced into yeast cells. Deletions of GAL1 promoter were cloned upstream of LacZ gene. β-Galactosidase activity was measured in presence of galactose. Shown below is a representation of the results obtained. In the diagrams below (not to scale!): • Construct 1 contains ~ 130bp of the promoter, which is predicted to have all the predicted/putative proximal promoter elements (indicated by the solid boxes) needed to regulate transcription of GAL1.• The stippled box is the core promoter.• The arrow represents the transcriptional start site for the reporter gene Lac Z• Number of + signs represents level of transcription• Star represents a mutation in DNA sequence at that location (few nucleotides…arrow_forward
- Explain the fundamental differences between negative control and positive control of transcription in prokaryotes. Cite two examples of each control mechanism.arrow_forwardDiscuss in general terms the principle of the regulation of theexpression of the trp gene with attenuation in bacteria.arrow_forwardTranscriptional regulators are proteins that bind to promoters (the 5-flanking regions of genes) to regulate their transcription. Assume that a particular transcription regulator normally promotes transcription of gene X, a transport protein. If a mutation makes this regulator gene nonfunctional, would the resulting phenotype be similar to a mutation in gene X itself? Why or why not?arrow_forward
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