Microbiology With Diseases By Taxonomy (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134832302
Author: Robert W. Bauman Ph.D.
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 13, Problem 9CT
Summary Introduction
To determine:
How many replication cycles occurs for T4 phages which produced 200 new phages to overwhelm the entire bacterial colony.
Introduction:
Replication is defined as a biological process which involves production of two identical copies of DNA from one original DNA molecule. It occurs in all living organisms. It serves basis for biological inheritance.
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Students have asked these similar questions
If a single bacteriophage infects one E. coli cell present on a lawn of bacteria and, upon lysis, yields 185 viable viruses, how many phages will exist in a single plaque if 5 more lytic cycles occur?
Express your answer using three significant figures (example: 1.11×10^3).
You are studying your favorite (hypothetical) bacteriophage named M277. It infects E. coli and stays dormant within the bacterial cell.
How does a phage become dormant within a cell? Generally, describe the steps of infection by phage in this scenario
Consider a hypothetical phage whose DNA replicates exclusively by rolling circle replication. A phage with radioactive DNA in both strands infects a bacterium and is allowed to replicate in a nonradioactive medium. Assume that only daughter DNA from the elongated branch ever gets packaged into progeny particles.
What fraction of the parental radioactivity will appear in the progeny phage?
How many progeny phage will contain radioactive DNA?
What is the fundamental difference between the initiation of θ replication and that of the rolling circle?
Chapter 13 Solutions
Microbiology With Diseases By Taxonomy (6th Edition)
Ch. 13 - Why are naked icosahedral viruses able to...Ch. 13 - What characteristics of the genomes of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3TMWCh. 13 - Prob. 4TMWCh. 13 - Prob. 5TMWCh. 13 - Why are viruses seemingly alive and yet not alive?Ch. 13 - Prob. 7TMWCh. 13 - Prob. 1EDCSCh. 13 - Prob. 1MCCh. 13 - Which of the following statements is true? a....
Ch. 13 - Prob. 3MCCh. 13 - Prob. 4MCCh. 13 - Prob. 5MCCh. 13 - Prob. 6MCCh. 13 - Prob. 7MCCh. 13 - Prob. 8MCCh. 13 - Which of the following is not a criterion for...Ch. 13 - Prob. 10MCCh. 13 - Match each numbered term with its description. 1....Ch. 13 - Prob. 1VICh. 13 - Prob. 2VICh. 13 - Compare and contrast a bacterium and a virus by...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2SACh. 13 - Prob. 3SACh. 13 - Prob. 4SACh. 13 - Prob. 5SACh. 13 - Prob. 6SACh. 13 - Prob. 7SACh. 13 - Prob. 8SACh. 13 - Prob. 9SACh. 13 - Compare and contrast diploid cell culture and...Ch. 13 - Larger viruses usually have a double-stranded...Ch. 13 - What are the advantages and disadvantages to...Ch. 13 - How are computer viruses similar to biological...Ch. 13 - Compare and contrast lysogeny by a prophage and...Ch. 13 - Prob. 5CTCh. 13 - Prob. 6CTCh. 13 - Prob. 7CTCh. 13 - Prob. 8CTCh. 13 - Prob. 9CTCh. 13 - What differences would you expect in the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 11CTCh. 13 - Prob. 12CTCh. 13 - Prob. 13CT
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- During the lysogenic cycle of lambda (1) phage the phage genome is integrated in the host chromosome where it is passed on to daughter cells through binary fission. the phage DNA is copied and accumulates in the cytoplasm. Then a trigger causes capsid proteins to be made and phages are assembled. the product of one prophage gene is made and it activates most of the other prophage genes. the viral genes immediately turn the host cell into a lambda-producing factory. Then the host lyses. 0000arrow_forward10 mL of a bacteriophage suspension is mixed with 5 mL of a bacterial culture and 25% of the phages adsorb. The bacteriophage suspension has a concentration of 4x1018 viruses per mL, and the bacterial culture had a concentration of 6x1014 bacteria per mL. How many viruses are adsorbed per cell (multiplicity of infection)? What fraction of the cells is uninfected? What fraction of the cells is single infected? What fraction of the cells is multiple infected?arrow_forwardWhy are prokaryotes able to replicate so much more quickly than eukaryotes? (Hint: What cellular components must be copied before a cell splits in two?) Why is this difference in replication rate an important part of our vulnerability to bacterial pathogens?arrow_forward
- If a single bacteriophage infects one E. coli cell present on a lawn of bacteria and, upon lysis, yields 200 viable viruses, how many phages will exist in a single plaque if three more lytic cycles occur?arrow_forwardIn Hershey-Chase experiment, bacteriophages protein coats were tagged with radioactive isotope S-32. These phages were used to infect E. coli cells and the cells were further centrifuged to form pellets. Why was the radioactivity level of S-32 found greater outside the cells compared to the E. coli cell pellets? Explain briefly. If the experiment is repeated in the same manner but this time the phage protein coats are labelled with isotope X and the phage DNA with isotope Y, which isotope’s radioactivity will be found in greater amounts in the E. coli cell pellets after centrifugation? Explain briefly.arrow_forwardIn order to determine the genetic material of a T2 phage, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase conducted experiments using T2 phages that infected bacteria. In one treatment, they grew phages with radioactive sulfur. In another treatment, they grew phages with radioactive phosphorous. They allowed both types of phages to infect bacterial cells. After infection, they found that only bacteria infected with phages grown with radioactive phosphorous showed any radioactivity. Why did they use radioactive sulfur and phosphorous for this experiment? * O Sulfur is part of the DNA molecule but not part of a protein molecule. Sulfur and phosphorous are some of the most reactive molecules and are easily traced. Sulfur and phosphorous are able to survive the centrifuge, a crucial component of the experiment. O Phosphorous is part of the DNA molecule but not part of a protein molecule.arrow_forward
- Most temperate phages integrate into the host chromosome, whereas some replicate as plasmids. Which kind of relationship would you think would be more likely to maintain the phage in the host cell? Why?arrow_forwardThe figure depicts five stages of the lytic cycle. ********* Select the statement that describes stage 3 of the lytic cycle, as shown in the diagram. The host cell synthesizes cellular proteins to prepare for lysis. The host cell incorporates phage DNA into its own genome. The host cell replicates the phage DNA. O The host cell synthesizes proteins that degrade phage DNA.arrow_forwardAssume you isolate a single stranded (+) RNA virus. When you examine the proteins in the virus, you find that it does NOT contain replicase enzymes within its capsid. Which of the following is true? This virus must have a gene that encodes replicase. This virus will not be able to enter a host cell. Its genome cannot be translated (the process of translation) by the host cell ribosomes. A DNA copy of the viral genome has to be made before viral genes are expressed. This virus must lack surface antigens.arrow_forward
- Host DNA is digested into small pieces, which are occasionally assembled with phage proteins, creating a phage with bacterial chromosomal DNA. If the breakage of the chromosomal DNA is not random (i.e., it is more likely tobreak at certain spots as opposed to other spots), how might suchnonrandom breakage affect cotransduction frequency?arrow_forwardOne mL of a bacteriophage suspension is mixed with 20 mL of a bacterialculture and 50% of the phages adsorb. We know that the bacteriophagesuspension had a concentration of 1x10^10 viruses per mL, and the bacterialculture had a concentration of 3x10^8 bacteria per mL. How many viruses are adsorbed per cell (multiplicity of infection)?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements describes the lysogenic cycle of lambda (A) phage? After infection, the viral genes immediately turn the host cell into a lambda-producing factory, and the host cell then lyses. Most of the prophage genes are activated by the product of a particular prophage gene. The phage DNA is incorporated into the bacteria DNA The phage DNA is copied and exits the cell as a phage. The phage DNA get destructed by the host bacteria DNAarrow_forward
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