Microbiology With Diseases By Taxonomy (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134832302
Author: Robert W. Bauman Ph.D.
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 13, Problem 1CT
Larger viruses usually have a double-stranded genome, whereas small viruses typically have a single-stranded genome. What reasonable explanation can you offer for this observation?
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As a general rule, viruses are not considered to be alive based on several reasons. One such reason is that some viruses use RNA as their genetic material instead of DNA. Which of the five biological themes does this violate? Briefly explain why.
briefly explain the situation below.
Larger viruses usually have a double-stranded genome, whereas small viruses typically have a single-stranded genome. What reasonable explanation can you offer for this observation?
Viruses are made up of the same biomolecules as cellular organisms (DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, etc.), which are synthesized through enzymatic dehydration reactions from building blocks and disassembled by enzymatic hydrolysis. They infect cells and replicate themselves using resources from the host cells. Scientists discovered a previously unknown strain of virus in the tropical Pacific Ocean and it can infect higher-order eukaryotes. Initial analysis revealed that the virus is mainly composed of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Chemical analysis after complete hydrolysis revealed the following building blocks (by weight):
Chemical components
Nucleosides
Amino acids
Lipids, phosphates, and carbohydrates
Percentage by weight
20
30
50
Analysis of percentages of nucleosides yielded the following results (by molar ratio):
Nucleosides
A
G
T
C
U
Percentage by mole
19
29
19
29
4
Which of the following events mostly involves hydrolysis reaction after the virus infects…
Chapter 13 Solutions
Microbiology With Diseases By Taxonomy (6th Edition)
Ch. 13 - Why are naked icosahedral viruses able to...Ch. 13 - What characteristics of the genomes of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3TMWCh. 13 - Prob. 4TMWCh. 13 - Prob. 5TMWCh. 13 - Why are viruses seemingly alive and yet not alive?Ch. 13 - Prob. 7TMWCh. 13 - Prob. 1EDCSCh. 13 - Prob. 1MCCh. 13 - Which of the following statements is true? a....
Ch. 13 - Prob. 3MCCh. 13 - Prob. 4MCCh. 13 - Prob. 5MCCh. 13 - Prob. 6MCCh. 13 - Prob. 7MCCh. 13 - Prob. 8MCCh. 13 - Which of the following is not a criterion for...Ch. 13 - Prob. 10MCCh. 13 - Match each numbered term with its description. 1....Ch. 13 - Prob. 1VICh. 13 - Prob. 2VICh. 13 - Compare and contrast a bacterium and a virus by...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2SACh. 13 - Prob. 3SACh. 13 - Prob. 4SACh. 13 - Prob. 5SACh. 13 - Prob. 6SACh. 13 - Prob. 7SACh. 13 - Prob. 8SACh. 13 - Prob. 9SACh. 13 - Compare and contrast diploid cell culture and...Ch. 13 - Larger viruses usually have a double-stranded...Ch. 13 - What are the advantages and disadvantages to...Ch. 13 - How are computer viruses similar to biological...Ch. 13 - Compare and contrast lysogeny by a prophage and...Ch. 13 - Prob. 5CTCh. 13 - Prob. 6CTCh. 13 - Prob. 7CTCh. 13 - Prob. 8CTCh. 13 - Prob. 9CTCh. 13 - What differences would you expect in the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 11CTCh. 13 - Prob. 12CTCh. 13 - Prob. 13CT
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- Discuss the following statement: “Viruses exist in the twilight zone of life: outside cells they are simply dead assemblies of molecules; inside cells, however, they are alive.”arrow_forwardThe relative amounts of each nitrogenous base are tabulated here for four different viruses. For each virus listed in the following table, indicate whether its genetic material is DNA or RNA and whether it is single stranded or double stranded. Explain your reasoning. Virus T C U G A I 0 12 9 12 9 II 23 16 0 16 23 III 34 42 0 18 39 IV 0 24 35 27 17arrow_forwardViruses that infect bacterial cells do not infect human cells, and viruses that infect human cells do not infect bacterial cells. Explain why this should be the case.arrow_forward
- Viruses are made up of the same biomolecules as cellular organisms (DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, etc.). They infect cells and replicate themselves using resources from the host cells. Scientists discovered a previously unknown strain of virus in the tropical Pacific Ocean and it can infect higher-order eukaryotes. Initial analysis revealed that the virus is mainly composed of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Chemical analysis after complete hydrolysis revealed the following building blocks (by weight): Chemical components Nucleosides Amino acids Lipids, phosphates, and carbohydrates Percentage by weight 20 30 50 Analysis of percentages of nucleosides yielded the following results (by molar ratio): Nucleosides A G T C U Percentage by mole 19 29 19 29 4 Researchers determined that the lipids found in the virus form a bilayer membrane surrounding the virus, and are obtained from the membrane of the host cell during virus maturation and exit from host cell. Further…arrow_forwardWhy is it inaccurate to refer to the “growth” of viruses?arrow_forwardThe RNA genomes of some RNA viruses resemble the messenger RNA (mRNA) of their eukaryotic hosts. What advantage would an RNA virus gain by having this type of genome?arrow_forward
- If you were to argue that viruses are living organisms, what features of viral structure and function might you use in your argument?arrow_forwardBecause viruses lack some of the traits seen in all living things, many scientists do not believe viruses to be genuinely "alive." Using a few characteristics of live organisms as examples, explain why viruses may not be truly "alive."arrow_forwardViruses are not considered living entities, despite the fact that they evolve, have genetic information, and are connected to living organisms. What characteristics of living organisms do viruses lack? Give a brief explanation of how viruses lack these aspects.arrow_forward
- Some retroviruses that have a wide host range have been developed for use in treatment of diseases or syndromes. These viruses do not result in a productive infection because they lack critical genes for viral replication, but they do carry DNA sequences that allow them to be packaged into infectious particles. Once in the host cell the viral DNA is released and integrates into the cell's genome. The advantage to this strategy is that the delivery of the DNA is very efficient. What is one possible problem of using a virus that can integrate into the human nuclear genome? Multiple Choice The virus carries genes that will interfere with host cell activities. The viral DNA sequences could still cause a disease. Since the viral DNA sequences no longer contain essential genes for viral replication the host cell may not be able to replicate either. The integration could disrupt an essential gene or genes.arrow_forwardAnswer the following regarding the varicella-zoster virus: a) the biology of the virus ( type: DNA/RNA type: single or double stranded) b) how it replicates c) life cycle of the virus (binding, fusion, reverse transcription, integration, replication, and assembly)arrow_forwardThe relative amounts of each nitrogenous base are tabulated here for four different viruses. For each virus listed in the following table, indicate whether its genetic material is DNA or RNA and whether it is single stranded or double stranded. Explain your reasoning. Virus т G A 12 12 II 23 16 16 23 III 34 42 18 39 IV 24 35 27 17arrow_forward
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What Is A Virus ? ; Author: Peekaboo Kidz;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YS7vsBgWszI;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY