Chapter 13, Problem 30A

Summary Introduction

To predict:

The impact of DNA sequencing on diagnosing and treating diseases.

Introduction:

DNA sequencing is done by creating fragments of DNA by using restriction enzymes. The fragments are then combined with vectors to create recombinant DNA. These are then cloned to make multiple copies and are sequenced using automated machines. DNA can be sequenced using fluorescent tagged nucleotides.

Answer to Problem 30A

DNA sequencing allows scientists to find out the position of the faulty gene or mutation in the genome. Once the mutated gene is known, gene therapy can be used to correct mutated gene by replacing the dysfunctional gene. Diagnosing and treatment of diseases become easy and specific. Pharmacogenomics is an upcoming field that will allow for drugs to be tailor made.

Explanation of Solution

Knowing the sequence of the human genome or of a cloned DNA fragment provides scientists with valuable information for further study. The sequence of a gene can be used to predict the function of the gene, to compare genes with similar sequences and to identify mutations or errors in DNA sequence.

DNA sequencing of the human genome helps in finding out the mutations or errors in the DNA fragment. By knowing the presence of a mutant gene one can take proper precautions before the commencement of the disease. DNA sequencing helps in finding the variations that are associated with genetic disorders. This will further help in developing new drugs to treat diseases. Drugs can be prescribed based on the person’s genetic make-up. This will be more safe and effective line of treatment of diseases.

Pharmacogenomics and gene therapy will help patients with disease specific treatment options.