Loose Leaf For Explorations: Introduction To Astronomy
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781260432145
Author: Thomas T Arny, Stephen E Schneider Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 12, Problem 9TQ
To determine
The change that happens to the Sun when the energy is not released from nearby areas are hotter and brighter than average.
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What types of changes effect the Sun's energy output?
Cycle 24 Sunspot Number (V2.0) Prediction (2016 10)
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O A. 11 year solar sunspot cycles change the amount of radiation given off by the Sun.
O B. As the Sun rotates more energy is scattered to space and less is retained on the surface.
O C. Cycles of solar flares and prominences heat and cool the layers below the Sun's surface.
O D. Solar energy is affected by the core output of photons.
Describe what the Sun would look like from Earth if the entire photosphere were the same temperature as a sunspot.
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Why do sunspots look dark?
they are holes in the photosphere through which the cooler interior of the Sun is visible
O they are much cooler than the rest of the surface of the Sun due to changes in the Sun's magnetic field
O they are patches of the photosphere that burn up, creating ashes that look dark
O Sunspots are regions in the upper chromosphere where there is a lot of coronium, which absorbs light
O they are much hotter than the surrounding area, so their emission peaks in UV wavelengths, which our eyes cannot see
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Loose Leaf For Explorations: Introduction To Astronomy
Ch. 12 - Prob. 1QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 2QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 3QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 4QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 5QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 6QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 7QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 8QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 9QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 10QFR
Ch. 12 - Prob. 11QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 12QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 13QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 14QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 15QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 16QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 17QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 18QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 19QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 20QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 1TQCh. 12 - Prob. 2TQCh. 12 - Prob. 3TQCh. 12 - Prob. 4TQCh. 12 - Prob. 5TQCh. 12 - Prob. 6TQCh. 12 - Prob. 7TQCh. 12 - Prob. 8TQCh. 12 - Prob. 9TQCh. 12 - Prob. 1PCh. 12 - Prob. 2PCh. 12 - Prob. 7PCh. 12 - Prob. 8PCh. 12 - Prob. 9PCh. 12 - Prob. 10PCh. 12 - Prob. 11PCh. 12 - Prob. 1TYCh. 12 - Prob. 2TYCh. 12 - Prob. 3TYCh. 12 - Prob. 4TYCh. 12 - Prob. 5TYCh. 12 - Prob. 6TY
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- If a sunspot has a temperature of 4200 K and the average solar photosphere has a temperature of 5780 K, how much more energy is emitted in 1 second from a square meter of the photosphere compared to a square meter of the sunspot? (Hint: Use the Stefan-Boltzmann law, Eq. 7-1.)arrow_forwardExplain how we know that the Sun’s energy is not supplied either by chemical burning, as in fires here on Earth, or by gravitational contraction (shrinking).arrow_forwardMake a sketch of the Sun’s atmosphere showing the locations of the photosphere, chromosphere, and corona. What is the approximate temperature of each of these regions?arrow_forward
- What do measurements of the number of neutrinos emitted by the Sun tell us about conditions deep in the solar interior?arrow_forwardSince the rotation period of the Sun can be determined by observing the apparent motions of sunspots, a correction must be made for the orbital motion of Earth. Explain what the correction is and how it arises. Making some sketches may help answer this question.arrow_forwardWhy do sunspots look dark?arrow_forward
- This chapter gives the average sunspot cycle as 11 years. Verify this using Figure 15.26. Figure 15.26 Numbers of Sunspots over Time. This diagram shows how the number of sunspots has changed with time since counts of the numbers of spots began to be recorded on a consistent scale. Note the low number of spots during the early years of the nineteenth century, the Little Maunder Minimum. (credit: modification of work by NASA/ARC)arrow_forwardDescribe in your own words what is meant by the statement that the Sun is in hydrostatic equilibrium.arrow_forwardFor several hundred years, astronomers have kept track of the number of solar flares, or sunspots which occur on the surface of the sun. The number of sunspots counted varies periodically from a minimum of about 10 per year to a maximum of about 110 per year. Between the maximum that occurred in the years 1750 and 1948, there were 18 completed cycles. A.) What is the period of the sunspot cycle? B.) Assume that the number of sunspots varies sinusoidally with the year. Sketch a graph of two sun spot cycles, starting in 1948. C.) Write an equation expressing the number of sunspots per year in terms of the year. D.) what is the first year after 2000 in which the number of sunspots will be about 35? A maximum?arrow_forward
- Which of the following layers of the Sun can be seen with some type of telescope? Consider all forms of light, but do not consider neutrinos or other particles. (Give ALL correct answers in alphabetical order, i.e., B, AC, BCD...)A) Corona.B) Photosphere.C) Radiation Zone.D) Chromosphere.E) Convection Zone.F) Core.arrow_forwardIf a sunspot has a temperature of 4,270 K and the average solar photosphere has a temperature of 5,780 K, how many times more energy is emitted in 1 second from a square meter of the photosphere compared to a square meter of the sunspot? (Hint: Use the Stefan-Boltzmann law, E = σT4 (J/s/m2) where E is the energy, σ is a proportionality constant equal to 5.67 ✕ 10−8 J/s/m2/K4, and T is the temperature in kelvins.)arrow_forward
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