Loose Leaf For Explorations: Introduction To Astronomy
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781260432145
Author: Thomas T Arny, Stephen E Schneider Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 12, Problem 6TQ
To determine
The ideas of physics which needs to be incorporated to create a model to determine the interior structure of physics.
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If the radius of the sun is 7.001×105 km, what is the average density of the sun in units of grams per cubic centimeter?
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What exactly is the conversion process for this?
The sun has a radius of 6.959 × 108 m and a surface temperature of 5.81 x 10° K.
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10-8 J/s-m2 K4
a)
5.6 x 107 W/m2
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c)
6.4 x 107 W/m2
25.6 x 107 W/m2
5.6 x 1017 W/m2
The average density of the sun is 1. 4 g/cm3 What do you expect the density to be at 0.25 of Rsun?
2)
The average density of the sun is 1.4 g/cm3.
The following resource claims that the sun's core has a density of 150 g/cm3 and a radius of 25% of the sun's radius. Assume the core has a constant density and calculate it's mass.
What fraction of the sun's mass is in the core according to that resource?
Chapter 12 Solutions
Loose Leaf For Explorations: Introduction To Astronomy
Ch. 12 - Prob. 1QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 2QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 3QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 4QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 5QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 6QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 7QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 8QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 9QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 10QFR
Ch. 12 - Prob. 11QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 12QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 13QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 14QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 15QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 16QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 17QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 18QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 19QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 20QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 1TQCh. 12 - Prob. 2TQCh. 12 - Prob. 3TQCh. 12 - Prob. 4TQCh. 12 - Prob. 5TQCh. 12 - Prob. 6TQCh. 12 - Prob. 7TQCh. 12 - Prob. 8TQCh. 12 - Prob. 9TQCh. 12 - Prob. 1PCh. 12 - Prob. 2PCh. 12 - Prob. 7PCh. 12 - Prob. 8PCh. 12 - Prob. 9PCh. 12 - Prob. 10PCh. 12 - Prob. 11PCh. 12 - Prob. 1TYCh. 12 - Prob. 2TYCh. 12 - Prob. 3TYCh. 12 - Prob. 4TYCh. 12 - Prob. 5TYCh. 12 - Prob. 6TY
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- Table 15.1 indicates that the density of the Sun is 1.41 g/cm3. Since other materials, such as ice, have similar densities, how do you know that the Sun is not made of ice?arrow_forwardNow suppose that all of the hydrogen atoms in the Sun were converted into helium. How much total energy would be produced? (To calculate the answer, you will have to estimate how many hydrogen atoms are in the Sun. This will give you good practice with scientific notation, since the numbers involved are very large! See Appendix C for a review of scientific notation.)arrow_forwardSomeone suggests that astronomers build a special gamma-ray detector to detect gamma rays produced during the proton-proton chain in the core of the Sun, just like they built a neutrino detector. Explain why this would be a fruitless effort.arrow_forward
- For several hundred years, astronomers have kept track of the number of solar flares, or sunspots which occur on the surface of the sun. The number of sunspots counted varies periodically from a minimum of about 10 per year to a maximum of about 110 per year. Between the maximum that occurred in the years 1750 and 1948, there were 18 completed cycles. A.) What is the period of the sunspot cycle? B.) Assume that the number of sunspots varies sinusoidally with the year. Sketch a graph of two sun spot cycles, starting in 1948. C.) Write an equation expressing the number of sunspots per year in terms of the year. D.) what is the first year after 2000 in which the number of sunspots will be about 35? A maximum?arrow_forwardThe surface temperature of the Sun is about 6000K. For this question, assume it is exactly 6000K. Now suppose that the surface temperature of the Sun was 12,000 K, rather than 6,000 K. a) How much more thermal radiation would the Sun emit, compared to its current output? Answer as a whole number, which is the ratio of the new to the old output. b) Using Wein's law, λ (nm) = 3 x 10^6 / T(K), calculate the peak wavelength of the light that is emitted by the Sun with its new temperature. Answer as the nearest whole number, when expressed in nm. c) In which electromagnetic band would the thermal radiation spectrum of the Sun peak?arrow_forwardAt the surface of the sun, the temperature is approximately 5800 K. What fraction of the energy is in the visible portion of the spectrum? (Hint: Do the integral numerically.)arrow_forward
- Use the provided equation of hydrostatic equilibrium to find a very rough estimate of the central pressure in the Sun.arrow_forwarda) At solar maximum sunspots might cover up to 0.4% of the total area of the Sun. If the sunspots have a temperature of 3800 K and the surrounding photosphere has a temperature of 6000 K, calculate the fractional change (as a percentage) in the luminosity due to the presence of the sunspots. b) A star of the same stellar class as the Sun is observed regularly over many years, and a time series of its bolometric apparent magnitude is collected. What would be the signal in this time series which indicated that the star had a magnetic dynamo similar to the Sun? Briefly describe two or three possible sources of other signals which could confuse the interpretation of the data.arrow_forward1) a) At what rate is the Sun's mass decreasing due to nuclear reactions Am/At? Use E=mc? and Lsun=3.839x1026 W and give your answer in Msun/year. b) And due to solar wind? Calculate the flow using v=500 km/s measured on Earth, n=7x106 particles/m³ and µ=1. c) Assuming that those 2 processes rates remain constant during the Sun's main-sequence life, would either mass loss process significantly affect the total mass of the Sun? Use that the Sun's lifetime in the main-sequence is ~ 1010 years.arrow_forward
- Use that the pressure on the Sunspot (ideal gas) plus the magnetic pressure B?/(2µo) equals the photosphere pressure (also ideal gas but at different pressure) in order for the Sunspot not to sink. Use that p=3.5x104 kg/m³ and u=1 to find the magnetic field strength in the Sunspot.arrow_forwardAssume that the core of the Sun has one-eighth of the Sun’s mass and is compressed within a sphere whose radius is one-fourth of the solar radius.Assume further that the composition of the core is 35% hydrogen by mass and that essentially all the Sun’s energy is generated there. If the Sun continues to burn hydrogen at the current rate of 6.2 *1011 kg/s, how long will it be before the hydrogen is entirely consumed? The Sun’s mass is 2.0 * 1030 kg.arrow_forwardWe saw that, on Earth, the number flux of solar neutrinos from the p-p chain is 6.7E10 s-1 cm-2. Other nuclear reactions in the Sun supplement this neutrino flux with a small additional flux of higher-energy neutrinos. A neutrino detector in Japan, named Super Kamiokande, consists of a tank of 50kton of water, surrounded by photomultiplier tubes. The tubes detect the flash of Cerenkov radiation emitted by a recoiling electron when a high-energy neutrino scatters on it. Calculate the detection rate for neutrino scattering in events per day, if 10-6 of the solar neutrinos have a high enough energy to be detected by this experiment, and each electron poses a scattering cross section=10-43 cm. Hint: Consider the density of neutrino targets "seen" by an individual electron, with a relative velocity of c between the neutrinos and the electron, to obtain the rate at which one electron interacts with the incoming neutrinos, and multiply by the total number of electrons (I've already done this:…arrow_forward
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