Loose Leaf For Explorations: Introduction To Astronomy
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781260432145
Author: Thomas T Arny, Stephen E Schneider Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 12, Problem 9P
To determine
The number of proton-proton cycle that happens in the sun per second.
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If a sunspot has a temperature of 4,270 K and the average solar photosphere has a temperature of 5,780 K, how many times more energy is emitted in 1 second from a square meter of the photosphere compared to a square meter of the sunspot? (Hint: Use the Stefan-Boltzmann law,
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Loose Leaf For Explorations: Introduction To Astronomy
Ch. 12 - Prob. 1QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 2QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 3QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 4QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 5QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 6QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 7QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 8QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 9QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 10QFR
Ch. 12 - Prob. 11QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 12QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 13QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 14QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 15QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 16QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 17QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 18QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 19QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 20QFRCh. 12 - Prob. 1TQCh. 12 - Prob. 2TQCh. 12 - Prob. 3TQCh. 12 - Prob. 4TQCh. 12 - Prob. 5TQCh. 12 - Prob. 6TQCh. 12 - Prob. 7TQCh. 12 - Prob. 8TQCh. 12 - Prob. 9TQCh. 12 - Prob. 1PCh. 12 - Prob. 2PCh. 12 - Prob. 7PCh. 12 - Prob. 8PCh. 12 - Prob. 9PCh. 12 - Prob. 10PCh. 12 - Prob. 11PCh. 12 - Prob. 1TYCh. 12 - Prob. 2TYCh. 12 - Prob. 3TYCh. 12 - Prob. 4TYCh. 12 - Prob. 5TYCh. 12 - Prob. 6TY
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- Someone suggests that astronomers build a special gamma-ray detector to detect gamma rays produced during the proton-proton chain in the core of the Sun, just like they built a neutrino detector. Explain why this would be a fruitless effort.arrow_forwardIf a sunspot has a temperature of 4200 K and the average solar photosphere has a temperature of 5780 K, how much more energy is emitted in 1 second from a square meter of the photosphere compared to a square meter of the sunspot? (Hint: Use the Stefan-Boltzmann law, Eq. 7-1.)arrow_forwardWhy does nuclear fusion only take place in the Sun’s core?arrow_forward
- Considering your answer to the above question, how does this timescale for the Sun's evaporation by the solar wind compare to the age of the Universe? O The solar wind evaporation time is much longer than the age of the Universe O The solar wind evaporation time is much shorter than the age of the Universe. O The solar wind evaporation time is close to the age of the Universe (ie, within a few billion yearsarrow_forwardConsider the two nuclear reactions I: A + B → C + E II: C + D → F + G(a) Show that the net disintegration energy for these two reactions (Qnet = QI + QII) is identical to the disintegration energy for the net reaction A + B + D → E + F + G(b) One chain of reactions in the Sun’s core is the protonproton cycle. Based on part (a), what is Qnet for this sequence?arrow_forwardExplain in detail the carbon-nitrogen-oxygen fusion chain that occurs in the center of the Sunarrow_forward
- Why the sun does not get ripped apart by the outwards pressure of nuclear fusion?arrow_forwardAssuming that (1) the solar luminosity has been constant since the Sun formed, and (2) the Sun was initially of uniform composition throughout, as described by Table 9.2, estimate how long it would take the Sun to convert all of its original hydrogen into helium. [Hint: Calculate the mass of hydrogen in the sun and then divide it by the rate of hydrogen fusion (PPT slide 47.)]arrow_forwardAt solar maximum sunspots might cover up to 0.4% of the total area of the Sun. If the sunspots have a temperature of 3800 K and the surrounding photosphere has a temperature of 6000 K, calculate the fractional change (as a percentage) in the luminosity due to the presence of the sunspots.arrow_forward
- Using the results from above (1.29^29 kg), how much total energy is available to the Sun via nuclear fusion over its lifetime? (HINT: only 0.71% of the total mass of the available H in the core is converted into energy)arrow_forwardWhy is fission not an important energy source in the Sun?arrow_forwardSuppose you observe a major solar flare while astronauts are orbiting Earth. Use the data in the text to calculate how long it will before the charged particles ejected from the Sun during the flare reach them.arrow_forward
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