Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696558
Author: SMITH
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 11.13, Problem 113SEP
Alumina (A12O3) and chromium oxide (Cr2O3) are ceramic materials that form an isomorphous phase diagram, (a) What does this tell you about the solubility limit of one component in the other? (b) What type of a solid solution is formed? (c) Explain what substitution lakes place.
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5. (a) Construct the phase diagram for zinc and magnesium system using the following data:
Melting point of Mg is 665°C
Melting point of Zn is 500 °C
One eutectic point at 350 °C with 20% of Zn
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(b) Describe what happens when the mixture of 40% mole of Zn is cooled to from 650 °C to
200 °C?
In the Ni-base superalloys used to make turbine blades, which of the following statements are true?
Select one or more:
There are two types of phases, with essentially identical crystalline arrangement and same strength
b. There is an atom at each corner of each cube face and one in the centre of each cube face
a.
C. The underlying atomic structure is a cubic crystalline type
d. An atom is present only at each corner of each cube face
There are two types of phases, with essentially identical crystalline arrangement and different strength
There are two types of phases, with very different crystalline arrangement and different strength
e.
f.
Iron (Fe) undergoes an allotropic transformation at 912°C: upon heating from a BCC [ alpha phase) to a FCC (gamma phase). Accompanying thistransformation is a change in the atomic radius of Fe from R bcc= 0.12584 nm to R fcc= 0.12394 nm and, in addition, a change in density.Compute the percentage volume change per atom (Vfinal |-V initial |)/ (V; initial |) associated with this reaction . Indicate whetherthere is an expansion or zontraction taking place during the process
Chapter 11 Solutions
Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
Ch. 11.13 - Define a ceramic material.Ch. 11.13 - Prob. 2KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 3KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 4KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 5KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 6KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 7KCPCh. 11.13 - What fraction of the octahedral interstitial sites...Ch. 11.13 - Prob. 9KCPCh. 11.13 - Describe the perovskite structure. What fraction...
Ch. 11.13 - Prob. 11KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 12KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 13KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 14KCPCh. 11.13 - Describe the feldspar network structure.Ch. 11.13 - Prob. 16KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 17KCPCh. 11.13 - Describe two methods for preparing ceramic raw...Ch. 11.13 - Prob. 19KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 20KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 21KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 22KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 23KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 24KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 25KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 26KCPCh. 11.13 - What are the purposes of drying ceramic products...Ch. 11.13 - Prob. 28KCPCh. 11.13 - What is the vitrification process? In what type of...Ch. 11.13 - Prob. 30KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 31KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 32KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 33KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 34KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 35KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 36KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 37KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 38KCPCh. 11.13 - Why do most ceramic materials have low thermal...Ch. 11.13 - Prob. 40KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 41KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 42KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 43KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 44KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 45KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 46KCPCh. 11.13 - How is a glass distinguished from other ceramic...Ch. 11.13 - Prob. 48KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 49KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 50KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 51KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 52KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 53KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 54KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 55KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 56KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 57KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 58KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 59KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 60KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 61KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 62KCPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 63AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 64AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 65AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 66AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 67AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 70AAPCh. 11.13 - Calculate the ionic packing factor for (a) MnO and...Ch. 11.13 - Prob. 72AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 73AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 74AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 75AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 77AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 78AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 79AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 80AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 81AAPCh. 11.13 - Why are triaxial porcelains not satisfactory for...Ch. 11.13 - Prob. 83AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 84AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 85AAPCh. 11.13 - What causes the lack of plasticity in crystalline...Ch. 11.13 - Prob. 87AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 88AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 89AAPCh. 11.13 - A reaction-bonded silicon nitride ceramic has a...Ch. 11.13 - Prob. 91AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 92AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 93AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 94AAPCh. 11.13 - How does the silica network of a simple silica...Ch. 11.13 - Prob. 96AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 97AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 98AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 99AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 100AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 101AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 102AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 103AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 104AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 105AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 106AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 107AAPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 108SEPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 109SEPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 110SEPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 111SEPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 112SEPCh. 11.13 - Alumina (A12O3) and chromium oxide (Cr2O3) are...Ch. 11.13 - (a) How are the ceramic tiles used in the thermal...Ch. 11.13 - The nose cap and the wing leading edges of the...Ch. 11.13 - Prob. 116SEPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 117SEPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 118SEPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 119SEPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 120SEPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 121SEPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 122SEPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 123SEPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 124SEPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 125SEPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 126SEPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 127SEPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 128SEPCh. 11.13 - Prob. 129SEP
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- In the Ni-base superalloys used to make turbine blades, which of the following statements are true? Select one or more: U a. There is an atom at each corner of each cube face and one in the centre of each cube face U b. There are two types of phases, with essentially identical crystalline arrangement and different strength O c. The underlying atomic structure is a cubic crystalline type Od. There are two types of phases, with very different crystalline arrangement and different strength There are two types of phases, with essentially identical crystalline arrangement and same strength An atom is present only at each corner of each cube face e. O f.arrow_forwardBINARY PHASE DIAGRAMS Please only answer parts d and e as the rest have been solved. Show full detailed explanation to answers with diagrams if necessary a)(i) What is the melting point of pure Mg?(ii) What is the maximum solubility of Mg in Pb and at what temperaturedoes this occur? (b) A 50 wt.% Pb-50wt% Mg alloy is slowly cooled from 700 °C to 400 °C.(i) At what temperature does the first solid phase form?(ii) What is the composition of this solid phase?(iii) At what temperature does all the liquid solidify?(iv) What is the composition of the last remaining liquid phase?(v) What is the freezing range? (c) What is the mass fraction of solid and liquid of a 60 wt.% Mg alloy at atemperature of 500 °C.(d) Draw and label the microstructure of an 80 wt.% Mg alloy at 600 °C.(e) A Mg-Pb alloy of mass 5.5 kg has a composition just slightly below thesolubility limit of 200 °C.(i) What mass of lead is in the alloy?(ii) If the alloy is heated to 350 °C how much more lead can be dissolvedin…arrow_forward(a) Why is the carbon concentration in austenite (y-Fe) higher than in ferrite (a-Fe)? (b) Determine the volume change accompanied by the transformation of y-Fe (FCC) to a-Fe (BCC) during cooling. Note that the atomic radii for a-Fe, y-Fe, and C are 0.124nm, 0.127mm, and 0.077mm, respectively. (HINT: Because the number of atoms in FCC and BCC differs, consider volume per atom in the calculation of volume change).arrow_forward
- Question 2. HfO2 has the CaF2 crystal structure. Calculate the density of HfO2 in kg/m³ if the ionic radii are Hf* = 0.083 nm and O²- = 0.132 nm.arrow_forwardConsider the magnesium oxide-aluminum oxide phase diagram; ss indicates a solid solution. The radii of Mg2 + and Al3 + are 0.072 and 0.053 nm, respectively. (a) There are two eutectic reactions on the diagram; describe them (temperatures, compositions and phases). (b) Spinel, at temperatures below 1000 °C, is a compound with a composition of 50 mol% Al2O3-50 mol% MgO. For higher temperatures, spinel is stable for a range of compositions. What is the temperature of the congruent fusion? (c) What are the main reasons for the low solubility of Al2O3 in MgO below 1400 °C? (d) Maximum non-stoichiometry on the Al2O3-rich side, in the spinel phase field, occurs approximately 2000 °C and corresponds to approximately 82 mol% (92% w) of Al2O3. Determine the type of gaps defect that is produced and the percentage of gaps that exists in this composition.arrow_forwardYou are given a sample of polypropylene and wish to find out the volume % crystallinity. You know that the density of 100% crystalline polypropylene (ρc) is 0.946 g/cm3, and the density of 100% amorphous polypropylene (ρa) is 0.855 g/cm3. Through your careful measurements, you determine the density of the sample (ρs) is 0.93 g/cm3. Use the following equation to determine the volume % crystallinity (ν) of your sample. Enter your answer with 1 decimal place. Another sample of polypropylene has a 68 volume percent crystallinity. What is the density of the sample? Enter your answer is g/cm3. I can answer the first part of the question. I just don't know how to do the second question?arrow_forward
- You are given a sample of polypropylene and wish to find out the volume % crystallinity. You know that the density of 100% crystalline polypropylene (ρc) is 0.946 g/cm3, and the density of 100% amorphous polypropylene (ρa) is 0.855 g/cm3. Through your careful measurements, you determine the density of the sample (ρs) is 0.93 g/cm3. Use the following equation to determine the volume % crystallinity (ν) of your sample. Enter your answer with 1 decimal place. Answer is 82.4 Another sample of polypropylene has a 68 volume percent crystallinity. What is the density of the sample? Enter your answer is g/cm3. ( I need help with this second question. The answer is .917, i just can't get to that.) Hint: use the values and equation from the previous problem.arrow_forwardDetermine the phases present, the compositions of each phase, and the amount of each phase in wt% for the following MgO-FeO ceramics at 2000°C MgO-25 wt% FeO; MgO-45 wt% FeO; MgO-60 wt% FeO; MgO-80 wt% FeO.arrow_forwardA magnesium-lead alloy of mass 7.5 kg consists of a solid a phase that has a composition just slightly below the solubility limit at 300°C (570°F). (a) What mass of lead is in the alloy? (b) If the alloy is heated to 400°C (750°F), how much more lead may be dissolved in the a phase without exceeding the solubility limit of this phase?arrow_forward
- A Cu-Ni alloy must be fully liquid at 1350°C for processing. However,when placed in service the alloy must be solid at 1200°C. The phasediagram for the Cu-Ni binary system given below in Figure 3b.(i) Determine the composition range in which the alloy must lie.(ii) To obtain the maximum yield strength what composition shouldbe used?(iii) If, however, the highest elongation is required then whatcomposition should be used?arrow_forwardMaximum solubility in FCC austenite at 1147 °C is 2.04 wt% 2.14 wt% 14.2 wt% O 0.022 wt% Oarrow_forwardB. What is the coordination # of cesium chloride ceramic structure? which metallic crystal structure that the arrangement of this cation-anion look like? which parameters stabilize ceramics' structure? Will cations will take an octahedral or cubic position and why? When the cation/anion radius ratio approaches 1, what does that mean?arrow_forward
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