
Interpretation: The molality or molarity dependent on temperature is should be explained and reason for the usage of molality in freezing-point depression and boiling point elevation calculations are explained.
Concept introduction:
- Elevation of boiling point:
The boiling point of the solution is increases when the solute is dissolved in the solvent are called Elevation of boiling point. It is one of the colligative Properties thus,
ΔT = iKbmsolute......(1) ΔT is boiling-point elevation Kb is molal boiling-point elevation constant m is molality of the solute i is the van't Hoff factor
- Depression in freezing point:
The freezing point the solution is decreases when the solute is dissolved in the solvent is called Elevation of boiling point. it is one of the colligative Properties thus
ΔT = iKfmsolute......(2) ΔT is boiling-point elevation Kf is molal freezing-point depression constant m is molality of the solute i is the van't Hoff factor
- Molarity:
The gram moles of solute in liter of solvent is called molarity and in is the term of concentration.
Molarity = solute mass gsolvent volume L
- Molality:
The gram moles of solute in kilogram of solvent is called molality and in is the term of concentration.
Molality = solute mass gsolvent mass kg

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Chapter 11 Solutions
Lab Manual for Zumdahl/Zumdahl/DeCoste¿s Chemistry, 10th Edition
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