(a) Interpretation: The phase change in mercury sample when temperature is increased from − 30 ° C to 365 ° C should be determined. Concept introduction: Phase diagram is a graph that represents the solid phase, liquid phase, and gaseous phase of one substance or mixture of substance under different states of temperature and pressure. The temperature and pressure on a phase diagram at which gas, liquid, and solid phases coexist is called triple point. The temperature and pressure in the phase diagram at which substance is lies between liquid-gas phases is called critical point. The temperature and pressure at which liquid or gas is neither a true liquid nor a true gas is called supercritical point. Conversion of liquid into gas is called vaporization. Conversion of solid into liquid or vice-versa is called melting or fusion. Conversion of solid into gas is called sublimation.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.44SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The phase change in mercury sample when temperature is increased from −30 °C to 365 °C should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Phase diagram is a graph that represents the solid phase, liquid phase, and gaseous phase of one substance or mixture of substance under different states of temperature and pressure.

The temperature and pressure on a phase diagram at which gas, liquid, and solid phases coexist is called triple point. The temperature and pressure in the phase diagram at which substance is lies between liquid-gas phases is called critical point. The temperature and pressure at which liquid or gas is neither a true liquid nor a true gas is called supercritical point.

Conversion of liquid into gas is called vaporization. Conversion of solid into liquid or vice-versa is called melting or fusion. Conversion of solid into gas is called sublimation.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The phase change in mercury sample when the temperature is reduced from 291 K to 238 K should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Phase diagram is a graph that represents the solid phase, liquid phase, and gaseous phase of one substance or mixture of substance under different states of temperature and pressure.

The temperature and pressure on a phase diagram at which gas, liquid, and solid phases coexist is called triple point. The temperature and pressure in the phase diagram at which substance is lies between liquid-gas phases is called critical point. The temperature and pressure at which liquid or gas is neither a true liquid nor a true gas is called supercritical point.

Conversion of liquid into gas is called vaporization. Conversion of solid into liquid or vice-versa is called melting or fusion. Conversion of solid into gas is called sublimation.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The phase change in mercury sample when the temperature is reduced from 638 K to 231 K should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Phase diagram is a graph that represents the solid phase, liquid phase, and gaseous phase of one substance or mixture of substance under different states of temperature and pressure.

The temperature and pressure on a phase diagram at which gas, liquid, and solid phases coexist is called triple point. The temperature and pressure in the phase diagram at which substance is lies between liquid-gas phases is called critical point. The temperature and pressure at which liquid or gas is neither a true liquid nor a true gas is called supercritical point.

Conversion of liquid into gas is called vaporization. Conversion of solid into liquid or vice-versa is called melting or fusion. Conversion of solid into gas is called sublimation.

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As a substance is subjected to pressure and/or temperature changes, it may undergo condensation, deposition, freezing, melting, sublimation, or vaporization. (a) Consider the phase diagram shown below and state the cha nges that take place upon going from points A to B to C to D. (b) Is the transition from C to D exothermic or endothermic?

A 22.5-g sample of ice at 0.0°C is added to 100.0 g of warm water at 35.0°C, and the final temperature of the mixture is 14.0°C. (a) How much heat (in Joules) is lost by the warm water? (b) How much heat (in Joules) is absorbed by the melted ice when its temperature increases from 0.0°C to 14.0°C? (c) How much heat is absorbed by ice during melting at 0.0°C? (d) What is the enthalpy of fusion of ice in kJ/mol? 3. (Specific heat of water = 4.184 J/(g.°C)

Calculate the heat released when 65.5g of water at 55.5 ° C cools to ice at 0.0 ° C. (Given that the specific heat of liquid water is 1.00 calg×°C, and heat of water solidification is 80.0 cal/g.).

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.44SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The phase change in mercury sample when temperature is increased from −30 °C to 365 °C should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Phase diagram is a graph that represents the solid phase, liquid phase, and gaseous phase of one substance or mixture of substance under different states of temperature and pressure.

The temperature and pressure on a phase diagram at which gas, liquid, and solid phases coexist is called triple point. The temperature and pressure in the phase diagram at which substance is lies between liquid-gas phases is called critical point. The temperature and pressure at which liquid or gas is neither a true liquid nor a true gas is called supercritical point.

Conversion of liquid into gas is called vaporization. Conversion of solid into liquid or vice-versa is called melting or fusion. Conversion of solid into gas is called sublimation.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The phase change in mercury sample when the temperature is reduced from 291 K to 238 K should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Phase diagram is a graph that represents the solid phase, liquid phase, and gaseous phase of one substance or mixture of substance under different states of temperature and pressure.

The temperature and pressure on a phase diagram at which gas, liquid, and solid phases coexist is called triple point. The temperature and pressure in the phase diagram at which substance is lies between liquid-gas phases is called critical point. The temperature and pressure at which liquid or gas is neither a true liquid nor a true gas is called supercritical point.

Conversion of liquid into gas is called vaporization. Conversion of solid into liquid or vice-versa is called melting or fusion. Conversion of solid into gas is called sublimation.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The phase change in mercury sample when the temperature is reduced from 638 K to 231 K should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Phase diagram is a graph that represents the solid phase, liquid phase, and gaseous phase of one substance or mixture of substance under different states of temperature and pressure.

The temperature and pressure on a phase diagram at which gas, liquid, and solid phases coexist is called triple point. The temperature and pressure in the phase diagram at which substance is lies between liquid-gas phases is called critical point. The temperature and pressure at which liquid or gas is neither a true liquid nor a true gas is called supercritical point.

Conversion of liquid into gas is called vaporization. Conversion of solid into liquid or vice-versa is called melting or fusion. Conversion of solid into gas is called sublimation.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.44SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The phase change in mercury sample when temperature is increased from −30 °C to 365 °C should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Phase diagram is a graph that represents the solid phase, liquid phase, and gaseous phase of one substance or mixture of substance under different states of temperature and pressure.

The temperature and pressure on a phase diagram at which gas, liquid, and solid phases coexist is called triple point. The temperature and pressure in the phase diagram at which substance is lies between liquid-gas phases is called critical point. The temperature and pressure at which liquid or gas is neither a true liquid nor a true gas is called supercritical point.

Conversion of liquid into gas is called vaporization. Conversion of solid into liquid or vice-versa is called melting or fusion. Conversion of solid into gas is called sublimation.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The phase change in mercury sample when the temperature is reduced from 291 K to 238 K should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Phase diagram is a graph that represents the solid phase, liquid phase, and gaseous phase of one substance or mixture of substance under different states of temperature and pressure.

The temperature and pressure on a phase diagram at which gas, liquid, and solid phases coexist is called triple point. The temperature and pressure in the phase diagram at which substance is lies between liquid-gas phases is called critical point. The temperature and pressure at which liquid or gas is neither a true liquid nor a true gas is called supercritical point.

Conversion of liquid into gas is called vaporization. Conversion of solid into liquid or vice-versa is called melting or fusion. Conversion of solid into gas is called sublimation.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The phase change in mercury sample when the temperature is reduced from 638 K to 231 K should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Phase diagram is a graph that represents the solid phase, liquid phase, and gaseous phase of one substance or mixture of substance under different states of temperature and pressure.

The temperature and pressure on a phase diagram at which gas, liquid, and solid phases coexist is called triple point. The temperature and pressure in the phase diagram at which substance is lies between liquid-gas phases is called critical point. The temperature and pressure at which liquid or gas is neither a true liquid nor a true gas is called supercritical point.

Conversion of liquid into gas is called vaporization. Conversion of solid into liquid or vice-versa is called melting or fusion. Conversion of solid into gas is called sublimation.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.44SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The phase change in mercury sample when temperature is increased from −30 °C to 365 °C should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Phase diagram is a graph that represents the solid phase, liquid phase, and gaseous phase of one substance or mixture of substance under different states of temperature and pressure.

The temperature and pressure on a phase diagram at which gas, liquid, and solid phases coexist is called triple point. The temperature and pressure in the phase diagram at which substance is lies between liquid-gas phases is called critical point. The temperature and pressure at which liquid or gas is neither a true liquid nor a true gas is called supercritical point.

Conversion of liquid into gas is called vaporization. Conversion of solid into liquid or vice-versa is called melting or fusion. Conversion of solid into gas is called sublimation.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The phase change in mercury sample when the temperature is reduced from 291 K to 238 K should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Phase diagram is a graph that represents the solid phase, liquid phase, and gaseous phase of one substance or mixture of substance under different states of temperature and pressure.

The temperature and pressure on a phase diagram at which gas, liquid, and solid phases coexist is called triple point. The temperature and pressure in the phase diagram at which substance is lies between liquid-gas phases is called critical point. The temperature and pressure at which liquid or gas is neither a true liquid nor a true gas is called supercritical point.

Conversion of liquid into gas is called vaporization. Conversion of solid into liquid or vice-versa is called melting or fusion. Conversion of solid into gas is called sublimation.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The phase change in mercury sample when the temperature is reduced from 638 K to 231 K should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Phase diagram is a graph that represents the solid phase, liquid phase, and gaseous phase of one substance or mixture of substance under different states of temperature and pressure.

The temperature and pressure on a phase diagram at which gas, liquid, and solid phases coexist is called triple point. The temperature and pressure in the phase diagram at which substance is lies between liquid-gas phases is called critical point. The temperature and pressure at which liquid or gas is neither a true liquid nor a true gas is called supercritical point.

Conversion of liquid into gas is called vaporization. Conversion of solid into liquid or vice-versa is called melting or fusion. Conversion of solid into gas is called sublimation.

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Answer 5

Chapter 11, Problem 11.44SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The phase change in mercury sample when temperature is increased from −30 °C to 365 °C should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Phase diagram is a graph that represents the solid phase, liquid phase, and gaseous phase of one substance or mixture of substance under different states of temperature and pressure.

The temperature and pressure on a phase diagram at which gas, liquid, and solid phases coexist is called triple point. The temperature and pressure in the phase diagram at which substance is lies between liquid-gas phases is called critical point. The temperature and pressure at which liquid or gas is neither a true liquid nor a true gas is called supercritical point.

Conversion of liquid into gas is called vaporization. Conversion of solid into liquid or vice-versa is called melting or fusion. Conversion of solid into gas is called sublimation.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The phase change in mercury sample when the temperature is reduced from 291 K to 238 K should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Phase diagram is a graph that represents the solid phase, liquid phase, and gaseous phase of one substance or mixture of substance under different states of temperature and pressure.

The temperature and pressure on a phase diagram at which gas, liquid, and solid phases coexist is called triple point. The temperature and pressure in the phase diagram at which substance is lies between liquid-gas phases is called critical point. The temperature and pressure at which liquid or gas is neither a true liquid nor a true gas is called supercritical point.

Conversion of liquid into gas is called vaporization. Conversion of solid into liquid or vice-versa is called melting or fusion. Conversion of solid into gas is called sublimation.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The phase change in mercury sample when the temperature is reduced from 638 K to 231 K should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Phase diagram is a graph that represents the solid phase, liquid phase, and gaseous phase of one substance or mixture of substance under different states of temperature and pressure.

The temperature and pressure on a phase diagram at which gas, liquid, and solid phases coexist is called triple point. The temperature and pressure in the phase diagram at which substance is lies between liquid-gas phases is called critical point. The temperature and pressure at which liquid or gas is neither a true liquid nor a true gas is called supercritical point.

Conversion of liquid into gas is called vaporization. Conversion of solid into liquid or vice-versa is called melting or fusion. Conversion of solid into gas is called sublimation.

Answer 6

Chapter 11, Problem 11.44SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The phase change in mercury sample when temperature is increased from −30 °C to 365 °C should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Phase diagram is a graph that represents the solid phase, liquid phase, and gaseous phase of one substance or mixture of substance under different states of temperature and pressure.

The temperature and pressure on a phase diagram at which gas, liquid, and solid phases coexist is called triple point. The temperature and pressure in the phase diagram at which substance is lies between liquid-gas phases is called critical point. The temperature and pressure at which liquid or gas is neither a true liquid nor a true gas is called supercritical point.

Conversion of liquid into gas is called vaporization. Conversion of solid into liquid or vice-versa is called melting or fusion. Conversion of solid into gas is called sublimation.

Answer 7

Chapter 11, Problem 11.44SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The phase change in mercury sample when temperature is increased from −30 °C to 365 °C should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Phase diagram is a graph that represents the solid phase, liquid phase, and gaseous phase of one substance or mixture of substance under different states of temperature and pressure.

The temperature and pressure on a phase diagram at which gas, liquid, and solid phases coexist is called triple point. The temperature and pressure in the phase diagram at which substance is lies between liquid-gas phases is called critical point. The temperature and pressure at which liquid or gas is neither a true liquid nor a true gas is called supercritical point.

Conversion of liquid into gas is called vaporization. Conversion of solid into liquid or vice-versa is called melting or fusion. Conversion of solid into gas is called sublimation.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The phase change in mercury sample when the temperature is reduced from 291 K to 238 K should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Phase diagram is a graph that represents the solid phase, liquid phase, and gaseous phase of one substance or mixture of substance under different states of temperature and pressure.

The temperature and pressure on a phase diagram at which gas, liquid, and solid phases coexist is called triple point. The temperature and pressure in the phase diagram at which substance is lies between liquid-gas phases is called critical point. The temperature and pressure at which liquid or gas is neither a true liquid nor a true gas is called supercritical point.

Conversion of liquid into gas is called vaporization. Conversion of solid into liquid or vice-versa is called melting or fusion. Conversion of solid into gas is called sublimation.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The phase change in mercury sample when the temperature is reduced from 291 K to 238 K should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Phase diagram is a graph that represents the solid phase, liquid phase, and gaseous phase of one substance or mixture of substance under different states of temperature and pressure.

The temperature and pressure on a phase diagram at which gas, liquid, and solid phases coexist is called triple point. The temperature and pressure in the phase diagram at which substance is lies between liquid-gas phases is called critical point. The temperature and pressure at which liquid or gas is neither a true liquid nor a true gas is called supercritical point.

Conversion of liquid into gas is called vaporization. Conversion of solid into liquid or vice-versa is called melting or fusion. Conversion of solid into gas is called sublimation.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The phase change in mercury sample when the temperature is reduced from 638 K to 231 K should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Phase diagram is a graph that represents the solid phase, liquid phase, and gaseous phase of one substance or mixture of substance under different states of temperature and pressure.

The temperature and pressure on a phase diagram at which gas, liquid, and solid phases coexist is called triple point. The temperature and pressure in the phase diagram at which substance is lies between liquid-gas phases is called critical point. The temperature and pressure at which liquid or gas is neither a true liquid nor a true gas is called supercritical point.

Conversion of liquid into gas is called vaporization. Conversion of solid into liquid or vice-versa is called melting or fusion. Conversion of solid into gas is called sublimation.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The phase change in mercury sample when the temperature is reduced from 638 K to 231 K should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Phase diagram is a graph that represents the solid phase, liquid phase, and gaseous phase of one substance or mixture of substance under different states of temperature and pressure.

The temperature and pressure on a phase diagram at which gas, liquid, and solid phases coexist is called triple point. The temperature and pressure in the phase diagram at which substance is lies between liquid-gas phases is called critical point. The temperature and pressure at which liquid or gas is neither a true liquid nor a true gas is called supercritical point.

Conversion of liquid into gas is called vaporization. Conversion of solid into liquid or vice-versa is called melting or fusion. Conversion of solid into gas is called sublimation.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Solution Summary: The author explains that phase diagrams represent the solid phase, liquid phase and gaseous phase of one substance or mixture of substance under different states of temperature and pressure.

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