Interpretation:
The hydrogen atom on
Concept Introduction:
Oxidation of alcohols: Oxidation of primary alcohol gives an
Oxidation of alcohols by
E2 reaction: In the reaction, a base abstract a proton, forcing the electrons to make a double bond and the leaving group leaves the substrate simultaneously.
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Organic Chemistry
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- For the reaction: 2HBr → H2 + Br2 ΔH = -17.4 kcal/mol. And Keq = 32 X 10 20 Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? Are products or reactants favored? Using Le Chatelier’s Principle, what happens to the equilibrium if the concentration of Br2 is increased? Using Le Chatelier’s Principle, what happens to the equilibrium if the concentration of H2 is decreased?arrow_forward1. Penicillin is hydrolyzed and thereby rendered inactive penicillinase, an enzyme present in some penicillin-resistant bacteria. The molecular weight of this enzyme in Staphylococcus aureus is 29.6 kilo Daltons (29.6 kg/mole or 29,600 g/mole or 29,600 ng/nmole) The amount of penicillin hydrolyzed in 2 minute in a 10-mL solution containing 109 g (1 ng) of purified penicillinase was measured as a function of the concentration of penicillin. Assume that the concentration of penicillin does not change appreciably during the assay. [Hint: Convert everything to the same concentration terms] Show all calculations and include spreadsheets and graphs to determine Km, Vmax and kcat for this enzyme. Make sure your final answers have correct units. [Another hint: Note that [S] and amount hydrolyzed are already in concentration terms. So you don't need to worry about the volume for calculating [S] and V. ] Penicillin concentration (microM) Amount hydrolyzed (nanoM) 1 110 3 250 5 340 10 450 30 580…arrow_forwardGiven the reaction: 4 NH39) + 5 O2(g) 4 NOG) + 6 H20O Determine AG° Will the reaction go spontaneously? No 241.4 kcal -241.4 kcal ||-214.4 kcal Yesarrow_forward
- 10. Acetic acid is treated with Isopentyl alcohol. A catalyst (concentrated sulfuric acid) is added to the mixture and heated for 15 minutes at 60C. What is this reaction called? A. Esterification B. Acid Base (neutralization) reaction O C. Acid hydrolysis D. Base hydrolysisarrow_forwardIn the reaction: 2A ⇆ B + 3C For the reaction, ΔH = -23 kcal/mol and Keq = 26 X 10 -26 Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? Are products or reactants favored? Using Le Chatelier’s Principle, what happens to the equilibrium if the concentration of C is increased? Using Le Chatelier’s Principle, what happens to the equilibrium if the concentration of A is increased?arrow_forwardIs moved into a cell. H₂D Use the following diagram to answer questions 9 to 11 H₂O water particle sugar particle H₂O water particle sugar particle umo ariu carbon dioxide H₂O water partide sugar particle A B C 9) In which diagram(s) does water move into and out of the cell at the same rate? 10) In which diagrams(s) will the cell begin to swell? 11) Which diagram(s) shows what would happen if a cell were placed in salt water?arrow_forward
- Kidney stones are crystals of calcium oxalate that form in the kidney, ureter, or bladder. Small kidney stones are passed out of the body easily, but larger kidney stones may block the ureter causing severe pain. If the [Ca2+] in blood plasma is 5 × 10-3 M, what [C2O42-] must be present to form a kidney stone? (Calcium oxalate Ksp = 2.3 x 10-9)arrow_forwardDo the step-by-step mechanism for the next reaction. Use arrow symbolism to represent the movement of electrons. 40 °C HBr Brarrow_forwardMethyl orange, HMO, is a common acid-base indicator. In solution it ionizes according to the equation: HMO(a q) (red)=H+ (a g) + MO minus (a q)(yellow) What color will the solution turn if H* is added and why? Red. H* concentration increases. Reaction moves to the left. O Red. H* concentration decreases. Reaction moves to the left. Yellow. H* concentration decreases. Reaction moves to the right. Yellow. H* concentration increases. Reaction moves to the right. Red. H* concentration decreases. Reaction moves to the right.arrow_forward
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