Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Acid-base reaction has to be completed and all valence electrons on the interacting atoms and curved arrows that indicating the flow of electrons has to be shown.
Concept Introduction:
Curved arrows: A curved arrow points from the electron donor to the electron acceptor. Also used to indicate the bond broken and bond forming. In an Acid-base reaction, one of the arrows is drawn from a lone pair on the base (high electron density) to the proton of the acid.
Bronsted-Lowry definition: If a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base.
If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.
(b)
Interpretation:
Acid-base reaction has to be completed and all valence electrons on the interacting atoms and curved arrows that indicating the flow of electrons has to be shown.
Concept Introduction:
Curved arrows: A curved arrow points from the electron donor to the electron acceptor. Also used to indicate the bond broken and bond forming. In an Acid-base reaction, one of the arrows is drawn from a lone pair on the base (high electron density) to the proton of the acid.
Bronsted-Lowry definition: If a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base.
If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.
(c)
Interpretation:
Acid-base reaction has to be completed and all valence electrons on the interacting atoms and curved arrows that indicating the flow of electrons has to be shown.
Concept Introduction:
Curved arrows: A curved arrow points from the electron donor to the electron acceptor. Also used to indicate the bond broken and bond forming. In an Acid-base reaction, one of the arrows is drawn from a lone pair on the base (high electron density) to the proton of the acid.
Bronsted-Lowry definition: If a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base.
If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.
(d)
Interpretation:
Acid-base reaction has to be completed and all valence electrons on the interacting atoms and curved arrows that indicating the flow of electrons has to be shown.
Concept Introduction:
Curved arrows: A curved arrow points from the electron donor to the electron acceptor. Also used to indicate the bond broken and bond forming. In an Acid-base reaction, one of the arrows is drawn from a lone pair on the base (high electron density) to the proton of the acid.
Bronsted-Lowry definition: If a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base.
If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.
(e)
Interpretation:
Acid-base reaction has to be completed and all valence electrons on the interacting atoms and curved arrows that indicating the flow of electrons has to be shown.
Concept Introduction:
Curved arrows: A curved arrow points from the electron donor to the electron acceptor. Also used to indicate the bond broken and bond forming. In an Acid-base reaction, one of the arrows is drawn from a lone pair on the base (high electron density) to the proton of the acid.
Lewis acid: A compound or ionic species which can accept an electron pair from a donor compound.
Lewis base: A compound or ionic species which can donate an electron pair to an acceptor compound.
(f)
Interpretation:
Acid-base reaction has to be completed and all valence electrons on the interacting atoms and curved arrows that indicating the flow of electrons has to be shown.
Concept Introduction:
Curved arrows: A curved arrow points from the electron donor to the electron acceptor. Also used to indicate the bond broken and bond forming. In an Acid-base reaction, one of the arrows is drawn from a lone pair on the base (high electron density) to the proton of the acid.
Bronsted-Lowry definition: If a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base.
If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
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