Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 8IQ
Label the three phases (a, b, and c) and key molecules in the following diagram of the Calvin cycle. How many ATP and NADPH are needed to synthesize one G3P molecule?
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Which of the following scenarios does not occur during the reduction phase of the Calvin Cycle?
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Each molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate is phosphorylated by ATP to form 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.
Each molecule of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is reduced to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate by the addition of two electrons from NADPH.
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted into Ribulose bisphosphate.
Some of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate molecules are used in carbohydrate production.
Photorespiration is a multienzyme bypass of the Calvin cycle's CO2 fixation process in plants and all
other oxygenic phototrophs. This bypass removes and recycles 2-phosphoglycolate, a damaging by-
product of photosynthesis in the presence of 02, which is formed when 02 substitutes CO2 in the CO2
fixation pathway.
Discuss the situation of fixing 02 (oxygen) rather than CO2 (carbon dioxide) in plants.
A culture of the single celled organism Chlamydomonas is actively carrying out photosynthesis in the presence of light and CO2. If you turned off the light, how would you expect the amounts of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate to change over the next minute? How about if you left the light on and removed the CO2? Please answer these questions with specific references to the Calvin cycle.
Chapter 10 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 10 - Prob. 1IQCh. 10 - Fill in the blanks in the following overview of...Ch. 10 - An action spectrum shows the relative rates of...Ch. 10 - Describe the components of a photosystem.Ch. 10 - Identify the components of linear electron flow in...Ch. 10 - a. On the diagram in Interactive Question 10.5,...Ch. 10 - a. In the light, the proton gradient across the...Ch. 10 - Label the three phases (a, b, and c) and key...Ch. 10 - What are two possible explanations for the...Ch. 10 - a. Where does the Calvin cycle take place in C4...
Ch. 10 - You have already filled in the blanks in several...Ch. 10 - Create a concept map to confirm your understanding...Ch. 10 - Which of the following processes or structures is...Ch. 10 - A plant is growing under bright lights in a sealed...Ch. 10 - The immediate product of the Calvin cycle is...Ch. 10 - A spectrophotometer can be used to measure the a....Ch. 10 - Accessory pigments within chloroplasts are...Ch. 10 - The following diagram is an absorption spectrum...Ch. 10 - Linear electron flow along with chemiosmosis in...Ch. 10 - The chlorophyll known as P680+ has its electron...Ch. 10 - The enzyme rubisco a. uses NADPH and ATP to make...Ch. 10 - In photosynthesis, the splitting of water a....Ch. 10 - The reactions of the Calvin cycle occur in the a....Ch. 10 - A difference between electron transport in...Ch. 10 - How does cyclic electron flow differ from linear...Ch. 10 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 10 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 10 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 10 - RuBP carboxylase-oxygenase is the enzyme that a....Ch. 10 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 10 - CAM plants avoid photorespiration by a. keeping...Ch. 10 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 10 - Prob. 21TYKCh. 10 - Prob. 22TYKCh. 10 - Prob. 23TYKCh. 10 - a. respiration b. photosynthesis c. both...Ch. 10 - a. respiration b. photosynthesis c. both...Ch. 10 - a. respiration b. photosynthesis c. both...
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- Which part of the Calvin cycle would be affected if a cell could not produce the enzyme RuBIsCO?arrow_forwardIn the Calvin cycle, what is the name of the enzyme that attaches a molecule of carbon dioxide to the 5-carbon molecule called ribulose bisphosphate? Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Ribulose bisphosphate oxygenase Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase, also known as RuBisCO 3-PGA carboxylasearrow_forwardWhat are the stages of the Calvin-Benson cycle? Select all that apply. The resulting unstable six-carbon molecule splits into two three-carbon molecules of PGA. ATP and NADPH are used to convert PGA molecules to PGAL. Most of the PGAL is used to regenerate RuBP, but some is exported to the cytoplasm to produce carbohydrates. Rubisco attaches CO2 to a five-carbon organic compound called RuBP. Rubisco is used to convert PGA molecules to PGAL.arrow_forward
- What happens during the carbon fixation stage of the Calvin Cycle (light-indepedent reactions)? Energy from ATP and electrons from NADPH are used to reduce 3-phosphoglycerate to form G3P molecules (which can be used to form other organic molecules such as glucose) Oxygen is produced through this process The remaining G3P molecules that have exited the cycle are used to re-form RuBP through a series of chemical reactions, so that the Calvin cycle can continue. The enzyme Rubisco attaches to RuBP, causing the formation of molecules of 3-phosphoglyceratearrow_forwardWhich among the following statements is INCORRECT? The first event in the Calvin cycle is the attachment of carbon dioxide to the five-carbon RuBP molecule, which forms a six-carbon molecule that breaks down into two 3PG molecules. The first event in the Calvin cycle is the attachment of carbon dioxide to the five-carbon RuBP molecule, which is a reaction assisted by large quantities of RuBP carboxylase enzyme. The first event in the Calvin cycle is the attachment of carbon dioxide to the five-carbon RuBP molecule, which decreases cell carbon dioxide levels, which increases the diffusion gradient. The first event in the Calvin cycle is the attachment of carbon dioxide to the five-carbon RuBP molecule, which immediately becomes a six-carbon sugar that is the base for starch, sucrose, cellulose, etc.arrow_forwardFor each of the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the best word or phrase selected from the list below. Not all words or phrases will be used; each word or phrase can be used more than once. Calvin cycle can be organized into 3 basic stages. During the stage, the enzyme catalyze the fixation of by ribulose biphosphate. For each CO2 and RuBP, two molecules of get formed. During the phase, and are used to convert 6 molecules of 3-PGA into G3P. During the phase, one molecule of G3P leaves the Calvin cycle to contribute to the formation of other compounds needed by the plant. The remaining 5 molecules of G3P regenerate . This enables the system to fix more . 3-phosphoglycerate NADPH fixation ATP pyruvate reduction…arrow_forward
- There are some similarities and some differences between the citric acid cycle in the mitochondrion and the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis. Which of the following is NOT a true difference between the two cycles? Both involve CO2, but in the Calvin cycle CO2 is used brought into the process as a source of carbon for the sugar being built. In the Mitochondrion, CO2 is removed from the sugar and leaves the cell. In the Calvin cycle, ATP is used to carry chemical energy from the light reactions to the the Calvin cycle where the chemical energy is incorporated in the sugar molecule that is being manufactured. In the mitochondrion, ATP is produced and brought out of the mitochondrion so it can provide chemical energy to the many activities going on in the cytoplasm The first step in the Calvin cycle, the carboxylation of RuBP, produces a 12-carbon product that splits into two 6 carbon pieces. In the first step of the citric acid…arrow_forwardThe primary role of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis is to: - split H2O and release oxygen - establish a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane - use the energy in ATP and NADPH to fix carbon and build sugars - produce ATP and NADPH 2. The enzyme used to catalyze the initial fixation of CO2 in C3 photosynthesis is: Rubisco NADP+ reductase ATP synthase PEP carboxylase 3. The primary role of the light reactions in photosynthesis is to: - bring CO2 into the chloroplast use the energy in ATP and NADPH to fix carbon and build sugars establish a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane produce ATP and NADPH *I do not need an explanation so please don't provide, I just need an answer choice picked for each*arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements related to the Calvin Cycle is CORRECT? Six molecules of G3P are produced for every three carbon dioxide that undergo calvin cycle Carbon dioxide is attached to 3-phosphoglycerate resulting is 2 RuBP The regeneration of RuBP is important because it is directly used for the production of starch, cellulose, and glucose. One molecule of G3P exits the calvin cycle and five is used to form glucose for the production of starch, cellulose, and sucrose.arrow_forward
- What is the chemical formula for photosynthesis? Discuss why (1) Sunlight and water are required for photosynthesis, and (2) Which molecule is reduced, and which is oxidized. Describe in detail the structure and function of the electron transport chain. Discuss how the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle act synergistically to produce food for plants.arrow_forwardName the process of conversion of ADP into ATP during the first phase of photosynthesis.arrow_forwardWhich of the following lists the stages of the Calvin cycle in order, starting with the stage where carbon dioxide is added? PGAL synthesis → carbon fixation → light reactions → regeneration of RuBP carbon fixation → PGAL synthesis → regeneration of RuBP regeneration of RuBP → carbon fixation → PGAL synthesis photorespiration → PGAL synthesis → regeneration of RuBP → carbon fixationarrow_forward
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