Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134553511
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 3CYU
The drug neostigmine blocks the activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft. Predict the effects of this drug.
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The therapeutic effect of Aricept (generic donepezil) is due toA: binding of the drug to voltage-gated sodium channels.C: the drug producing an IPSP on the postsynaptic membrane.D: the drug causing the reuptake of acetylcholine at the synapse.E: the drug maintaining higher concentrations of acetylcholine at synapse
Spastic paralysis (resulting from the failure of muscles to relax), induced by the neurotoxin strychnine, occurs when this poison blocks the binding of:
the excitatory neurotransmitter acetylcholine to post-synaptic sodium channels
the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate to post-synaptic calcium channels
the excitatory neurotransmitter serotonin to post-synaptic potassium channels
the inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine to post-synaptic chloride channels
the inhibitory neurotransmitter melatonin to post-synaptic bicarbonate channels
A nerve conduction velocity test measures nerve conduction velocity. In this test, an electrical stimulus is applied to a peripheral nerve and the length of time it takes for the corresponding muscle to contract is measured. Because the length of the nerve from stimulus point to muscle and the time it takes for the muscle to contract are both known, NCV can be calculated.
This test result is helpful in distinguishing between different types of pathologies. For example, a patient with muscle weakness is being tested by a physician. There are three possible sources of the weakness:
Disease of the muscle itself such as muscular dystrophy. In this condition, normal muscle tissue is replaced by adipose tissue and the muscle becomes incapable of contraction.
Disease at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) such as myasthenia gravis. This condition is described in the Skeletal Muscle Histology exercise and results from damage to the acetylcholine receptors on the muscle end plate.
Disease…
Chapter 10 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
Ch. 10.1 - What are the two types of striated muscle?Ch. 10.1 - Which two types of muscle are involuntary?Ch. 10.1 - What is the basic function of all types of muscle...Ch. 10.1 - 4. What five properties are common to all muscle...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 5QCCh. 10.2 - Prob. 1QCCh. 10.2 - How are the terminal cisternae related to the...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 3QCCh. 10.2 - How does the arrangement of myofilaments produce...Ch. 10.2 - 5. Describe the structure of a sarcomere. What is...
Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 6QCCh. 10.2 - Describe the structures of thin filaments, thick...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 8QCCh. 10.3 - What is the resting membrane potential?Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 2QCCh. 10.3 - 3. How do the electrochemical gradients for...Ch. 10.3 - What two factors generate the resting membrane...Ch. 10.3 - What is an action potential?Ch. 10.3 - What happens during the two phases of an action...Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 1QCCh. 10.4 - Prob. 2QCCh. 10.4 - 3. How does excitation from a neuron trigger...Ch. 10.4 - How are excitation and contraction coupled?Ch. 10.4 - What are the steps of the crossbridge cycle?Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 6QCCh. 10.5 - What are the two immediate energy sources for...Ch. 10.5 - How long can these immediate energy sources fuel...Ch. 10.5 - Prob. 3QCCh. 10.5 - Prob. 4QCCh. 10.5 - Prob. 5QCCh. 10.5 - Prob. 6QCCh. 10.5 - Prob. 7QCCh. 10.6 - What is a twitch contraction?Ch. 10.6 - What are the phases of a twitch contraction?Ch. 10.6 - How does the timing of a stimulus impact the...Ch. 10.6 - 4. How do fused and unfused tetanus differ?
Ch. 10.6 - 5. At what length will a sarcomere be able to...Ch. 10.6 - How do type I and type II muscle fibers differ?Ch. 10.7 - Prob. 1QCCh. 10.7 - 2. Explain the process of recruitment.
Ch. 10.7 - Prob. 3QCCh. 10.7 - 4. How do isotonic concentric, isotonic...Ch. 10.8 - Prob. 1QCCh. 10.8 - Prob. 2QCCh. 10.8 - Prob. 3QCCh. 10.8 - What conditions does excess postexercise oxygen...Ch. 10 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 10 - How does a skeletal muscle fiber differ...Ch. 10 - Thick filaments are composed of the protein a....Ch. 10 - Prob. 4CYRCh. 10 - Prob. 5CYRCh. 10 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 10 - Prob. 7CYRCh. 10 - 8. Order the following events of excitation and...Ch. 10 - 9. Which of the following statements accurately...Ch. 10 - 10. A muscle fiber relaxes when:
a. the...Ch. 10 - Which of the following energy sources would...Ch. 10 - 12. Mark the following statements as true or...Ch. 10 - Prob. 13CYRCh. 10 - 14. Muscle tone is:
a. the result of voluntary...Ch. 10 - Prob. 15CYRCh. 10 - Which of the following is not likely to result...Ch. 10 - Which of the following factors is/are responsible...Ch. 10 - 18. What is thought to cause excess postexercise...Ch. 10 - Prob. 19CYRCh. 10 - 20. Which of the following best describes...Ch. 10 - Mark the following statements as true for smooth...Ch. 10 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 10 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 10 - 3. The drug neostigmine blocks the activity of...Ch. 10 - Explain why cardiac muscle cells and some smooth...Ch. 10 - Prob. 1AYKACh. 10 - Prob. 2AYKACh. 10 - Prob. 3AYKACh. 10 - Prob. 4AYKACh. 10 - Prob. 5AYKBCh. 10 - Prob. 6AYKB
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Select ALL statements that are TRUE regarding a drug that would inactivate the enzyme acetylcholinesterase A. Prevent acetylcholine from being loaded into synaptic vesicles B. Prolong the effects of acetylcholine in the synapse C. Terminate the effects of acetylcholine in the synapse D. Speed up the synthesis of acetylcholine E. Reduce the reuptake of choline back into the axon terminalarrow_forwardFlaccid paralysis (resulting from the failure of muscles to contract), induced by the neurotoxin tubocurarine, occurs when this poison blocks the binding of: the inhibitory neurotransmitter melatonin to post-synaptic bicarbonate channels the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate to post-synaptic calcium channels the excitatory neurotransmitter acetylcholine to post-synaptic sodium channels the inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine to post-synaptic chloride channels the excitatory neurotransmitter serotonin to post-synaptic potassium channelsarrow_forwardone treatment for myasthenia gravis is a medication that blocks the activity of acetylcholinesteras. suggest why this might be a succesful treatmentarrow_forward
- There are a broad range of anti-epileptic medications currently on the market, with different therapies prescribed for different types and severities of the condition. Given what you have learned about synaptic transmission, which of the following could be a potential therapeutic approach to prevent the spreading of neuronal excitation? (3 correct answers, select all that apply) O A voltage-gated calcium channel blocker/inhibitor selective to glutamate-releasing neurons. O A voltage-gated calcium channel blocker/inhibitor selective to GABA-releasing neurons. O A glutamate receptor blocker (antagonist). O A GABA receptor antagonist. O A glutamate reuptake inhibitor. O A GABA reuptake inhibitor.arrow_forwardOne treatment for myasthenia gravis is a medication that blocks the activity of acetylcholinesterase. Suggest why this might be a successful treatment.arrow_forwardA chemical synapse is a type of synapse that occurs between two neurons and between a motor neuron and skeletal muscle fibers (i.e. at a Neuromuscular junction, NMJ). Compare and contrast the specific events that occur at chemical synapses at these two sites. Describe clearly how they are similar and how they are different, starting at the arrival of a nerve impulse at the pre-synaptic neuron and ending up with the changes observed at the postsynaptic membranes.arrow_forward
- Acetylcholine is a common neurotransmitter released at the synapse. Predict the consequences for muscle activation of decreased acetylcholine esterase activity at nerve-muscle synapses.arrow_forwardMalathion is an insecticide commonly used in the horticultural industry. Many homeowners apply this chemical to their trees to rid them of infestation by aphids or other insects. Malathion is classified as an organophosphate insecticide. Exposure to malathion is very dangerous to humans and animals because it acts as an irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. Predict what might happen to synaptic communication between cholinergic neurons if an individual or animal was poisoned with malathion, and clearly describe the mechanisms at work.arrow_forwardAn undisclosed drug (Drug A) is a drug that can block voltage-gated K+ channels when being introduced into the bloodstream. Explain the effects of Drug A on the action potentials produced by a neuron. If Drug A could be applied selectively to a presynaptic neuron that releases an excitatory neurotransmitter, analyse how would it alter the synaptic effect of the neurotransmitter on the presynaptic cell. Remark: The word count limit (250 words only), no less than 100 wordsarrow_forward
- Select All statements that are TRUE regarding the effects of administering a molecule that is a precursor for the synthesis of a neurotransmitter A. Temporarily compensate for neuron cell death by increased release of the neurotransmitter (ex. L-dopa used as treatment for Parkinson’s disease) B. Increase the rate of synthesis of that neurotransmitter C. Block the reuptake of the neurotransmitter back into the axon terminal D. Immediately alter then number of postsynaptic receptors E. Act as an indirect antagonist by activating autoreceptorsarrow_forwardStudy the diagram of a synapse between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron in a simple reflex arc involving only two neurons. Use the information provided by the diagram to answer the questions. 60 mV 2- +40 mv 3. d. -60 mV + 40 mV f 1. If the neurotransmitter substance was acetylcholine, describe two places where this synapse might be found in the body. Answer: From the diagram, identify where receptors for the neurotransmitter would be located. Explain your answer. 2. Answer: 3. Which letter indicates the axon of the sensory neuron? Justify your answer. Answer: 4. Identify where an action potential is occurring. Justify your answer. Answer: What structure is represented by the letter F? What is the function of F? What effect does F have on the transmission of action potentials along the neuron? 5.arrow_forwardGive 2 examples of drugs which target neurotransmitter release or reuptake.(expect from cocaine and Prozac). Explain the mechanisms of action.arrow_forward
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