Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134553511
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 17CYR
Which of the following factors is/are responsible for muscular fatigue? (Circle all that apply.)
a. Accumulation of chemicals, including calcium and phosphate ions
b. Increased blood flow to the muscle
c. Decreased availability of oxygen
d. Psychological and environmental factors
e. Depletion of key
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Which of the following factors is/are responsible for muscular fatigue? (Circle all that apply.) a. Accumulation of chemicals, including calcium and phosphate ions b. Depletion of key metabolic fuels, such as creatine phosphate c. Decreased availability of oxygen d. Psychological and environmental factors e. Increased blood flow to the muscle
Which of the following statements relating to the factors affecting the force of muscle contraction is false?
a. skeletal muscles contract strongest when the muscle fibers are 80-120% their resting length
b. low frequency of stimulation generates decreased force
c. larger muscle fibers can generate more tension to generate stronger contractions
d. more motor units recruited causes stronger contractions
e. none of the above
Muscle cramps are fundamentally an issue at the tissue level of organization due to an imbalance in the amounts of epithelial and connective tissues.
A. True
B. False
Chapter 10 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
Ch. 10.1 - What are the two types of striated muscle?Ch. 10.1 - Which two types of muscle are involuntary?Ch. 10.1 - What is the basic function of all types of muscle...Ch. 10.1 - 4. What five properties are common to all muscle...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 5QCCh. 10.2 - Prob. 1QCCh. 10.2 - How are the terminal cisternae related to the...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 3QCCh. 10.2 - How does the arrangement of myofilaments produce...Ch. 10.2 - 5. Describe the structure of a sarcomere. What is...
Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 6QCCh. 10.2 - Describe the structures of thin filaments, thick...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 8QCCh. 10.3 - What is the resting membrane potential?Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 2QCCh. 10.3 - 3. How do the electrochemical gradients for...Ch. 10.3 - What two factors generate the resting membrane...Ch. 10.3 - What is an action potential?Ch. 10.3 - What happens during the two phases of an action...Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 1QCCh. 10.4 - Prob. 2QCCh. 10.4 - 3. How does excitation from a neuron trigger...Ch. 10.4 - How are excitation and contraction coupled?Ch. 10.4 - What are the steps of the crossbridge cycle?Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 6QCCh. 10.5 - What are the two immediate energy sources for...Ch. 10.5 - How long can these immediate energy sources fuel...Ch. 10.5 - Prob. 3QCCh. 10.5 - Prob. 4QCCh. 10.5 - Prob. 5QCCh. 10.5 - Prob. 6QCCh. 10.5 - Prob. 7QCCh. 10.6 - What is a twitch contraction?Ch. 10.6 - What are the phases of a twitch contraction?Ch. 10.6 - How does the timing of a stimulus impact the...Ch. 10.6 - 4. How do fused and unfused tetanus differ?
Ch. 10.6 - 5. At what length will a sarcomere be able to...Ch. 10.6 - How do type I and type II muscle fibers differ?Ch. 10.7 - Prob. 1QCCh. 10.7 - 2. Explain the process of recruitment.
Ch. 10.7 - Prob. 3QCCh. 10.7 - 4. How do isotonic concentric, isotonic...Ch. 10.8 - Prob. 1QCCh. 10.8 - Prob. 2QCCh. 10.8 - Prob. 3QCCh. 10.8 - What conditions does excess postexercise oxygen...Ch. 10 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 10 - How does a skeletal muscle fiber differ...Ch. 10 - Thick filaments are composed of the protein a....Ch. 10 - Prob. 4CYRCh. 10 - Prob. 5CYRCh. 10 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 10 - Prob. 7CYRCh. 10 - 8. Order the following events of excitation and...Ch. 10 - 9. Which of the following statements accurately...Ch. 10 - 10. A muscle fiber relaxes when:
a. the...Ch. 10 - Which of the following energy sources would...Ch. 10 - 12. Mark the following statements as true or...Ch. 10 - Prob. 13CYRCh. 10 - 14. Muscle tone is:
a. the result of voluntary...Ch. 10 - Prob. 15CYRCh. 10 - Which of the following is not likely to result...Ch. 10 - Which of the following factors is/are responsible...Ch. 10 - 18. What is thought to cause excess postexercise...Ch. 10 - Prob. 19CYRCh. 10 - 20. Which of the following best describes...Ch. 10 - Mark the following statements as true for smooth...Ch. 10 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 10 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 10 - 3. The drug neostigmine blocks the activity of...Ch. 10 - Explain why cardiac muscle cells and some smooth...Ch. 10 - Prob. 1AYKACh. 10 - Prob. 2AYKACh. 10 - Prob. 3AYKACh. 10 - Prob. 4AYKACh. 10 - Prob. 5AYKBCh. 10 - Prob. 6AYKB
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- Which of the following effects result(s) from aging on the muscular system?a. Muscle mass declines.b. Slow-twitch fibers are affected most by aging.c. Fatigue occurs more quickly.d. Increased muscle tone limits stability.e. The gait lengthens and is slower.arrow_forwardWhich of the following does not cause muscular fatigue? a. ionic imbalance interfering excitation-contraction coupling b. prolonged exercise damaging sarcoplasmic reticulum c. total lack of ATP d. a and b e. b and carrow_forwardRelate these conditions to the normal contraction of muscle fibers. Identify the ultimate effect on the ultrastructure and physiology of muscle fibers.1. Muscle hypertrophy2. Muscle atrophy3. Muscle hyperplasia4. Rigor mortis5. Muscular dystrophyarrow_forward
- Muscle fatigue is assessed by which of the following direct measures? O a. Mean Power Output O b. Muscle lactate concentration O c. Muscle glycogen concentration d. Electromyographyarrow_forwardFast oxidative glycolytic fibers in skeletal muscle are used Select one: O a. intermittently, for activities requiring more force output than the fast glycolytic fibers alone can produce. O b. constantly, for postural activities such as standing and sitting. O c. intermittently, for activities requiring more force output than the slow oxidative fibers alone can produce. O d. only for motions requiring maximum power output, such as jumping.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is FALSE regarding skeletal muscle contraction? O a. Calcium binds troponin specifically on a calcium binding site which then leads to tropomyosin movement O b. The action potential of a motor nerve is transmitted to a muscle fibre through the neuromuscular junction which is a fusion of nerve and muscle cell membranes O c. Fine motor movement/control is a result of recruiting smaller motor units O d. Calcium is pumped into storage soon after it is released to the cytoplasmarrow_forward
- Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement. a. Muscle fibers generate more tension if the starting length of their sarcomeres is very short. b. Stimulation by a motor neuron before a muscle fiber has fully relaxed results in a condition called wave summation. c. Muscles that require a great deal of precise control will have large motor units. d. A muscle fiber changes length during isotonic concentric and isotonic eccentric contractionsarrow_forwardWhich of the following would most likely cause hypertrophy of skeletal muscle in the arms Select one: a. using a computer for most of your job b. muscle cramps due to poor hydration c. immobilization due to wearing a cast d. working out by lifting weights O O O Oarrow_forwardWhich of the following is true? A. Muscle fibers either will contract with all the force possible under existing conditions or will not contract at all. B. Skeletal muscles can contract with varying degrees of strength given different circumstances. C. Muscle length does not have an effect on contractile strength. D. Metabolic condition of the myocyte does not have an effect on contractile strength.arrow_forward
- contraction occurs as the length of the muscle increases. a. Concentric O b. Eccentric O c. Static O d. None of these In regard to the force-length relationship, it is true that: a. The muscle length at which maximal active force occurs is called optimal length b. Total force is equal to the sum of active and passive force C. All of these d. Beyond resting length, passive force increases from short to long muscle lengthsarrow_forwardWhen the length of the muscle stays the same but the force increases during contraction it is referred to as an: A. Isotonic Contraction B. Isometric Contraction C. Isotreppid Contraction D. Isochronal Contractionarrow_forward"During old age due to decreased muscle due to atrophy, which can be expected as a possible scenario?" a Increased frequency of urinary infection b Increase in exercise tolerance c decrease in fatigue d decrease in accidentsarrow_forward
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