Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134641621
Author: Dean R. Appling, Spencer J. Anthony-Cahill, Christopher K. Mathews
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 2P
Given these molecular components--glycerol, fatty acid, phosphate, long-chain alcohol, and carbohydrate—answer the following:
a. Which two are present in both waxes and sphingomyelin?
b. Which two are present in both fats and phosphatidylcholine?
c. Which are present in a ganglioside but not in a fat?
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Given these molecular components-glycerol, fatty acid, phosphate, long-
chain alcohol, and carbohydrate-answer the following:
(a) Which two are present in both waxes and sphingomyelin?
(b) Which two are present in both fats and phosphatidylcholine?
(c) Which are present in a ganglioside but not in a fat?
Consider olive oil, an oil with a high percentage of fat derived from oleic acid (otherwise known as cis[18:1] fatty acid).
a, Explain why such a structure may allow olive oil to be one of the "healthier" oils?
b, why such a structure may allow olive oil to be a liquid at room temperature, while butter and lard are solid at room temperature?
c, why such a structure may cause olive oil to be prone to oxidative damage upon exposure to air and heat?
Describe the differences between lecithin and cephalin. Draw the structure of a glycerophospholipid containing two molecules of stearic acid and ethanolamine.
Chapter 10 Solutions
Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections (2nd Edition)
Ch. 10 - Prob. 1PCh. 10 - Given these molecular components--glycerol, fatty...Ch. 10 - The classic demonstration that cell plasma...Ch. 10 - The lipid portion of a typical bilayers is about...Ch. 10 - In the following situations, what is the free...Ch. 10 - Propose an experiment that would distinguish...Ch. 10 - Prob. 7PCh. 10 - Peptide hormones (such as insulin) must bind to...Ch. 10 - Prob. 9PCh. 10 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 10 - Prob. 11PCh. 10 - Prob. 12PCh. 10 - Prob. 13PCh. 10 - Prob. 14PCh. 10 - The concentration of glucose in your circulatory...Ch. 10 - ATP is synthesized from ADP, Pi , and a proton on...Ch. 10 - The Na+/ glucose symport transports glucose from...Ch. 10 - Prob. 18PCh. 10 - Prob. 19PCh. 10 - The transport of aspirin (pKa = 3.5, structure...Ch. 10 - Prob. 21P
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- The venom of the Eastern diamondback rattler and the Indian cobra contains phospholipase A2, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of fatty acids at the C-2 position of glycerophospholipids. The phospholipid breakdownproduct of this reaction is lysolecithin (lecithin is phosphatidylcholine). At high concentrations, this and other lysophospholipids act as detergents, dissolving the membranes of erythrocytes and lysing the cells. Extensive hemolysis may be lifethreatening.(a) All detergents are amphipathic. What are the hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions of lysolecithin?(b) The pain and inflammation caused by a snake bite can be treated with certain steroids. What is the basis of this treatment?(c) Though the high levels of phospholipase A2 in venom can be deadly, this enzyme is necessary for a variety of normal metabolic processes. What are these processes?arrow_forwardGiven lecithin, sphingomyelin, cephalin, phosphatidylcholine which of the following does not contain glycerol as a backbone?arrow_forwardIn preparation for the winter months, a squirrel gorges itself daily with 25g of blueberries (100 g blueberry = 3.6 g glucose [180 g/mol] / 3.6 g fructose [180 g/mol]). How many grams of C16 fatty acids (255 g/mol) can this squirrel accumulate over 10 days of such a diet (assume that all the sugars from the blueberries are converted into C16 fatty acids)?arrow_forward
- Answer yes or no and give a short explanation. Thank you :) 1. Chylomicrons are the transport form of triacylglycerols, aren’t they? 2. Can glycerin in a living cell be converted to 3-phosphoglyceric aldehyde? 3. Is phosphatidic acid a common metabolite in the synthesis of triacylglycerols and phosphatidylcholine?arrow_forwardClassify the fatty acid with the following structural formula in the ways indicated. COOH a. What is the type designation (SFA, MUFA, or PUFA) for this fatty acid? b. On the basis of carbon chain length and degree of unsaturation, what is the numerical shorthand designation for this fatty acid? c. To which "omega" family of fatty acids does this fatty acid belong? d. What is the “delta" designation for the carbon chain double-bond location for this fatty acid?arrow_forwardA common structural feature of membrane lipids is their amphipathic nature. For example, in phosphatidylcholine, the two fatty acid chains are hydrophobic and the phosphocholine head group is hydrophilic. For each of the following membrane lipids, name the components that are hydrophilic and hydrophobic.. a)phosphatidylethanolamine b) sphingomyelin c) galactosylcerebroside d) ganglioside e) cholesterolarrow_forward
- Johann Thudichum, who practiced medicine in London about 100 years ago, also dabbled in lipid chemistry in his spare time. He isolateda variety of lipids from neural tissue and characterized and named many of them. His carefully sealed and labeled vials of isolated lipids were rediscovered many years later.(a) How would you confirm, using techniques not available to Thudichum, that the vials labeled “sphingomyelin” and “cerebroside” actually contain these compounds?(b) How would you distinguish sphingomyelin from phosphatidylcholine by chemical, physical, or enzymatic tests?arrow_forwardD, Since the pK values for aspartic acid are 2.0, 3.9 and 10.0, it follows that the isoelectric (pH) is (A) 3.0 (B) 3.9 (C) 5.9 (D) 6.0arrow_forwardIf D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (DGAP) is dissolved in water, 96% of it will form dihydroxy- acetonephosphate (DHAP). Which of the following will triose phosphate isomerase do? a)Shift the balance to 100% DHAP b)Shift the balance to 0% DHAP c)Shift the balance to 50 DGAP : 50 DHAP d)Catalyze the peptide bond breaking e)Make the reaction fasterarrow_forward
- Which one of the following statements about the molecular structure of phosphatidylcholine is TRUE? a. It contains an isoprene chain. b. It contains a polar hydrophobic head group. c. It contains at least five alkene double bonds. d. It contains a phosphodiester bond. e. It contains a glycosidic linkage.arrow_forwardDefine the following terms: a. respiratory control b. glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle c. uncoupling protein d. oligomycin e. malate–aspartatearrow_forwardasaparrow_forward
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