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Define the following terms:
a. respiratory control
b. glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle
c. uncoupling protein
d. oligomycin
e. malate–aspartate
Metabolism includes all the chemical reactions that take place inside the cell.
These reactions synthesize the new products and break down the complex substances into the simpler ones.
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- Define the following terms: a. ketogenic amino acid b. glucogenic amino acid c. L-amino acid oxidase d. Krebs urea cycle e. CPSIDefine the following terms: a. HSL b. CGI-58 c. fatty acid-binding protein d. β-oxidation e. carnitineIdentify the following: a. An oxidative process that releases energy b. Cellular localization of the electron transport chain during cellular respiration. c. The number of double bonds present in the metabolic precursor of all prostaglandins.
- Indicate which of the following amino acids are ketogenic and which are glucogenic: a. tyrosine b. lysine c. glycine d. alanine e. valine f. threonineDefine the following terms: a. thiolytic cleavage b. ketogenesis c. ketone bodies d. α-oxidation e. ACCRefer to the figure below and answer the following questions: Legend: Blue – wild-type β-galactosidase; Red – mutant β-galactosidase _________ a. What is the optimum pH of wild type β-galactosidase? _________ b. What is the optimum temperature of mutant β-galactosidase? _________ c. Which enzyme has the greater activity at pH 7.2? _________ d. Which enzyme has the greater activity at a temperature of 42.5oC? _________ e. Which enzyme has greater activity if pH decreases from 7.5 to 6.4? _________ f. Which enzyme has greater activity if temperature increases from 40oC to 41 oC?
- For each of the following examples, indicate whether the drug is acting on physical process, chemical process or enzymatic system (your answer should be only; Physical, Chemical or Enzymatic). A. A drug is used as an antidote in lead poisoning and acts by binding to lead particles in body (chelation therapy). B. A drug acts to reduce flatulence and acts by reducing the surface tension of intestinal gas bubbles in the GI tract (e.g. Simethicone). C. A drug competes with alpha-glucosidase in intestine to reduce glucose conversion from disaccharides (e.g. Acarbose).Define the following terms: a. oxidoreductase b. lyase c. ligase d. transferase e. isomeraseDraw the chemical structures resulting from the transamination of the following amino acids: a. Aspartic acid + alpha-ketoglutarate à ______________ b. Glutamic acid + pyruvate à ______________________ c. Alanine + alpha-ketoglutarate à ___________________ d. Phenylalanine + pyruvate à ______________________ e. Serine + alpha-ketoglutarate à ____________________