Chemistry for Engineering Students
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781285199023
Author: Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1, Problem 1.39PAE
1.35 How was the Fahrenheit temperature scale calibrated? Describe how this calibration process reflects the measurement errors that were evident when the temperature scale was devised.
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I don't understand the wording. The least significant digit means the last digit?
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A garage manager must determine the number of
metal ball bearings (BBs) in a stock container by mass
measurements. He counts out 5 BBs and finds their
total mass to be 1.9 g. He also finds the total mass
of the stock container and the BBs to be 239.3 g and
the mass of an identical, empty stock container to
be 115.8 g. The store manager then uses his data to
calculate the number of BBs in the stock container:
Average mass of one BB = 1.9/5 = 0.4 g
Mass of BBs in container = 239.3 g - 115.8 g = 123.50 g
Number of BBs in container = 123.50/0.4 g= 300 BBs
(a) Evaluate the manager’s calculations with regard to
significant digits. If necessary, rewrite any steps,
recalculating with the adjusted quantities. For
any step that you have to rewrite, explain why the
manager’s calculation is in error.
(b) Should the manager regard the answer to the
calculation in (a) as a perfect measure of the
number of ball bearings in the container?
(c) How could the manager have changed his
procedure to…
Calculate the mass in kilograms of a 1.70 kg object when its velocity, relative to us, is each of the following values. (Notice the
progression of these numbers toward the velocity of light, 3.00 x 10° ms-1.)
velocity = 3.17 x 107 ms1
i
kg
m =
velocity = 2.59 x 10° ms1
m = i
kg
velocity = 2.97 x 10° ms1
m =
i
kg
Chapter 1 Solutions
Chemistry for Engineering Students
Ch. 1 - Prob. 1COCh. 1 - Prob. 2COCh. 1 - Draw pictures to illustrate simple chemical...Ch. 1 - Explain the difference between inductive and...Ch. 1 - Use appropriate techniques to convert measurements...Ch. 1 - Express the results of calculations using the...Ch. 1 - Use the web to determine the mass of a steel...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.2PAECh. 1 - Where does the scientific method start? What is...Ch. 1 - Use the web to determine the amount of aluminum...
Ch. 1 - Use the web to find current prices offered for...Ch. 1 - Use the web to determine the differences in the...Ch. 1 - When we make observations in the laboratory, which...Ch. 1 - Which of the following items are matter and which...Ch. 1 - Which macroscopic characteristics differentiate...Ch. 1 - How can a liquid be distinguished from a fine...Ch. 1 - Some farmers use ammonia, NHS, as a fertilizer....Ch. 1 - 1.10 Do the terms element and atom mean the same...Ch. 1 - 1.11 Label each of the following as either a...Ch. 1 - 1.12 Why do physical properties play a role in...Ch. 1 - 1.13 Physical properties may change because of a...Ch. 1 - 1.14 Which part of the following descriptions of a...Ch. 1 - Use a molecular level description to explain why...Ch. 1 - All molecules attract each other to some extent,...Ch. 1 - 1.15 We used the example of attendance at a...Ch. 1 - 1.16 Complete the following statement: Data that...Ch. 1 - 1.17 Complete the following statement: Data that...Ch. 1 - 1.18 Two golfers are practicing shots around a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.23PAECh. 1 - 1.20 Suppose that you are waiting at a corner for...Ch. 1 - 1.21 When a scientist looks at an experiment and...Ch. 1 - 1.22 What is the difference between a hypothesis...Ch. 1 - 1.23 Should the words theory and model be used...Ch. 1 - 1.24 What is a law of nature? Are all scientific...Ch. 1 - 1.25 Describe a miscommunication that can arise...Ch. 1 - 1.26 What is the difference between a qualitative...Ch. 1 - 1.27 Identify which of the following units are...Ch. 1 - 1.28 What is a “derived” unit?Ch. 1 - 1.29 Rank the following prefixes in order of...Ch. 1 - 1.30 The largest computers now include disk...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.35PAECh. 1 - 1.32 Use the web to determine how the Btu was...Ch. 1 - 1.33 How many micrograms are equal to one gram?Ch. 1 - 1.34 Convert the value 0.120 ppb into ppm.Ch. 1 - 1.35 How was the Fahrenheit temperature scale...Ch. 1 - Superconductors are materials that have no...Ch. 1 - 1.37 Express each of the following temperatures in...Ch. 1 - 1.38 Express (a) 275 oC in K, (b) 25.55 K in oC,...Ch. 1 - 1.39 Express each of the following numbers in...Ch. 1 - 1.40 How many significant figures are there in...Ch. 1 - 1.41 How many significant figures are present in...Ch. 1 - Perform these calculations and express the result...Ch. 1 - 1.43 Calculate the following to the correct number...Ch. 1 - 1.44 In an attempt to determine the velocity of a...Ch. 1 - 1.45 A student finds that the mass of an object is...Ch. 1 - 1.46 Measurements indicate that 23.6% of the...Ch. 1 - 1.47 A student weighs 10 quarters and finds that...Ch. 1 - 1.48 A rock is placed on a balance and its mass is...Ch. 1 - 1.49 A package of eight apples has a mass of 1.00...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.54PAECh. 1 - 1.51 A person measures 173 cm in height. What is...Ch. 1 - 1.52 The distance between two atoms in a molecule...Ch. 1 - 1.53 Carry out the following unit conversions. (a)...Ch. 1 - 1.54 Carry out each of the following conversions....Ch. 1 - 1.55 Convert 22.3 mL to (a) liters, (b) cubic...Ch. 1 - 1.56 If a vehicle is travelling 92 m/s, what is...Ch. 1 - 1.57 A load of asphalt weights 245 lb. and...Ch. 1 - 1.58 One square mile contains exactly 640 acres....Ch. 1 - 1.59 A sample of crude oil has a density of 0.87...Ch. 1 - 1.60 Mercury has a density of 13.6 g/mL. What is...Ch. 1 - 1.61 The area of the 48 contiguous states is...Ch. 1 - 1.62 The dimensions of aluminium foil in a box for...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.67PAECh. 1 - 1.64 Wire is often sold in pound spools according...Ch. 1 - 1.65 An industrial engineer is designing a process...Ch. 1 - 1.66 An engineer is working with archaeologists to...Ch. 1 - Draw a molecular scale picture to show how a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.72PAECh. 1 - 1.67 On average, Earth’s crust contains about 8.1...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.74PAECh. 1 - 1.69 The “Western Stone” in Jerusalem is one of...Ch. 1 - A load of bauxite has a density of 3.15 g/cm3. If...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.77PAECh. 1 - Prob. 1.78PAECh. 1 - Prob. 1.79PAECh. 1 - Prob. 1.80PAECh. 1 - Prob. 1.81PAECh. 1 - Use the web to research the elastic modulus and...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.83PAECh. 1 - 1.84 A student was given two metal cubes that...Ch. 1 - 1.85 Battery acid has a density of 1.285 g/mL and...Ch. 1 - 1.86 Unfermented grape juice used to make wine is...Ch. 1 - 1.87 A solution of ethanol in water has a volume...Ch. 1 - 1.88 Legend has it that Archimedes, a famous...Ch. 1 - 1.89 Imagine that you place a cork measuring...Ch. 1 - 1.90 A calibrated flask was filled to the 25.00-mL...
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- 1-86 The specific heats of some elements at 25oC are as follows: aluminum = 0.215 cal/g · oC; carbon (graphite) = 0.170 caI/g oC; iron = 0.107 cal/g mercury = 0.033 1 caI/g oC. (a) Which element would require the smallest amount of heat to raise the temperature of 100 g of the element by 10oC? (b) If the same amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of aluminum by 25oC were applied to 1 g of mercury, by how many degrees would its temperature be raised? (c) If a certain amount of heat is used to raise the temperature of 1.6 g of iron by 10oC, the temperature of 1 g of which element would also be raised by 10oC, using the same amount of heat?arrow_forward1-98 The antifreeze-coolant compound used in cars does not have the same density as water. Would a hydrometer be useful for measuring the amount of antifreeze in the cooling system?arrow_forwardThe boiling point of a liquid is calculated to be 454 K. What is this temperature on the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales?arrow_forward
- 1-89 Consider butter, density 0.860 g/mL, and sand, density 2.28 g/mL. (a) If 1.00 mL of butter is thoroughly mixed with 1.00 mL of sand, what is the density of the mixture? (b) What would be the density of the mixture if 1.00 g of the same butter were mixed with 1.00 g of the same sand?arrow_forward1-87 Water that contains deuterium rather than ordinary hydrogen (see Section 2-4D) is called heavy water. The specific heat of heavy water at 25oC is 4.2 17 J/g oC. Which requires more energy to raise the temperature of 10.0 g by 10oC, water or heavy water?arrow_forwardCalculate the mass in kilograms of a 2.14 kg object when its velocity, relative to us, is each of the following values. (Notice the progression of these numbers toward the velocity of light, 3.00 x 10° ms 1) velocity = 3.28 x 107 ms1 kg m = velocity = 2.68 x 10° m s 1 m = kg velocity = 2.97 x 10° m s 1 m = kgarrow_forward
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- 1. It is known that the boiling point of water on the Kelvin temperature scale is 373.15 K and the freezing temperature of water is 273.15 K. A temperature scale, called the Reaumur (R) scale, is defined by identifying the freezing point of water as 0.0°R and the boiling point of water as 80.0°R. What is 62.3°R on the Kelvin scale? Clearly define your variables.arrow_forwardA parsec is an astronomical unit of distance. 1 parsec = 3.26 light years (where 1 light year is the distance traveled by light in one year). Lightspeed = 186,000 miles per second. An object travels 9.6 parsecs. Calculate this distance in cm.arrow_forwardThe mass of an iron nail is measured before and after being placed in a beaker of water for 2 days. It is found that 0.059 g of iron (3) oxide (rust) was produced over the 2-day period. What mass of iron in the nail reacted with the water? Assume the nail is pure ironarrow_forward
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