Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The given compound is to be identified as either an ionic compound (i.e., one containing ionic bonds) or a covalent compound (i.e., one containing only covalent bonds).
Concept introduction:
If elements in a compound have large electronegativity differences, ionic bonding can occur. A more electronegative atom acquires electrons given up by a less electronegative atom forming oppositely charged ions. The electrostatic attraction between the positively charged cations and negatively charged anions forms the ionic bond. Most ionic compounds consist of a metal (the elements from left side of the periodic table) and a non metal (the elements from right side of the periodic table), whereas most covalent compounds consist of nonmetals only.
(b)
Interpretation:
The given compound is to be identified as either an ionic compound (i.e., one containing ionic bonds) or a covalent compound (i.e., one containing only covalent bonds).
Concept introduction:
If elements in a compound have large electronegativity differences, ionic bonding can occur. A more electronegative atom acquires electrons given up by a less electronegative atom forming oppositely charged ions. The electrostatic attraction between the positively charged cations and negatively charged anions forms the ionic bond. Most ionic compounds consist of a metal (the elements from left side of the periodic table) and a non metal (the elements from right side of the periodic table), whereas most covalent compounds consist of nonmetals only.
(c)
Interpretation:
The given compound is to be identified as either an ionic compound (i.e., one containing ionic bonds) or a covalent compound (i.e., one containing only covalent bonds).
Concept introduction:
If elements in a compound have large electronegativity differences, ionic bonding can occur. A more electronegative atom acquires electrons given up by a less electronegative atom, forming oppositely charged ions. The electrostatic attraction between the positively charged cations and negatively charged anions forms the ionic bond. Most ionic compounds consist of a metal (the elements from left side of the periodic table) and a non metal (the elements from right side of the periodic table), whereas most covalent compounds consist of nonmetals only.
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)
- Draw the shapes of the following molecules and ions in 3-dimension. Show clearly any lone pairs of electrons on the central atom, state the number of bond pairs and lone pairs of electrons on the central atom and name the shape of the molecule or ion. (a) CH3+, methyl carbocation (b) HOBr, bromic (I) acid (c) NCl3, nitrogen trichloride Provide everything stated in the instructions for each compound.arrow_forwardIs there an OH group present? Are there any C(sp2 )–H bonds? How about a carbon-carbon triple bond (alkyne) or a carbon-nitrogen triple bond (nitrile)? Is there a C=O?arrow_forwardDraw the shapes of the following molecules and ions in 3-dimension. Show clearly any lone pairs of electrons on the central atom, state the number of bond pairs and lone pairs of electrons on the central atom and name the shape of the molecule or ion. (a) SiCI4, silicon tetrachloride (b) PBr3, phosphorus tribromide (c) CI2O, dichlorine oxide Provide everything stated in the instructions for each compound.arrow_forward
- In the following compounds, the C atoms form a single ring.Draw a Lewis structure for each compound, identify cases for which resonance exists, and determine the carbon-carbon bondorder(s): (a) C₃H₄; (b) C₃H₆; (c) C₄H₆; (d) C₄H₄; (e) C₆H₆.arrow_forwardDraw Lewis structures for each of the following ions. One atom in each ion has a formal charge that is not zero.Determine which atom it is, and what the formal charge is. (a) the C2H5 anion; (b) the CH3O cation; (c) the CH6N cation;(d) the CH5O cation; (e) the C3H3 anion (all three H atoms are on the same carbon)arrow_forward13) Give the correct bond-line structure for the following compounds (drawing bonds as lines). Clearly show all bonds, electron pairs, and formal charges when present. Ionic bonds, if present, must be clearly marked using formal charges. (CH3)2CHCHBrOH Na o N oarrow_forward
- In the following Lewis structure of [(CH3)2OH]*, every atom, bond and lone pair is positioned. To complete the structure, drag the formal charge tags to the appropriate atom(s). Each marker may be used more than once, or not at all. If an atom has a formal charge of zero, do not drag a tag to it. When you drag the marker in, place the little crosshairs in the upper left corner of the marker directly over the atom(s) in question (not above them). H. H-C Н-С-О-С-Н C-H H HH 2- II 2-arrow_forwardCan molecules with the molecular formulas below exist? (a) CH4 (b) C₂H,Br (c) C₂H6arrow_forwardMethyl isocyanate, CH3 -N= C = O, is used in the industrial synthesis of a type of pesticide and herbicide known as a carbamate. As a historical note, an industrial accident in Bhopal, India, in 1984 resulted in leakage of an unknown quantity of this chemical into the air. An estimated 200,000 people were exposed to its vapors, and over 2000 of these people died. Q.) Write a Lewis structure for methyl isocyanate and predict its bond angles. What is the hybridization of its carbonyl carbon? Of its nitrogen atom?arrow_forward
- Draw the shape of the PFs molecule and answer the following questions: (i) What is the principal rotation axis of the PFs molecule? (ii) Does the molecule have other rotation axes? If so, what are the other rotation axes of the molecule? (iii) Does the molecule have improper rotation axes? If so, what is the improper rotation axis of the molecule? (iv) Does the molecule have ơ, mirror plane(s)? If so, how many? (v) Does the molecule have ơy mirror plane(s)? If so, how many? (vi) Does the molecule have ơa mirror plane (s)? If so, how many? (vii) What is the point group of the PF, molecule? (viii) What is the order of the point group of the PFs molecule? (ix) Using symmetry criteria, predict if the PFs molecule is polar or non-polar. (x) Using symmetry criteria, predict if the PFs molecule is chiral or non-chiral.arrow_forward(i) Draw a complete Lewis dot structure for each of the following compounds. Clearly (ii) indicate all bonds and lone electrons, as well as the formal charge of each atom in the compound. a) NO3 b) NH4* c) CO2arrow_forward(a) Determine the formal charge of oxygen in the following structure. If the atom is formally neutral, indicate a charge of zero. (b) Draw an alternative Lewis (resonance) structure for the compound given in part (a). Show the unshared pairs and nonzero formal charges in your structure. Don't use radicals. Formal charge on O 0arrow_forward
Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning