You are growing up myoblasts, C2C12 cells, to use in a myogenic study. You are using T-150 flasks with a culture area of 150 cm2 and when confluent contains 2 x 107 cells. 2) You seed a culture of squamous epithelial cells at 8 am on Monday with 1.2 x 105 cells. The next day at 8 am you harvest the cells. You know from past studies that the generation time is 26 hours for this cell line. How many cells do you predict you should have on hand? A) 1.64 x 10^5 cells B) 4.56 x 10^3 cells C) 5.23 x 10^10 cells D) 1.75 x 10^8 cells E) None of these

Which of the following is true about innate immune system? Check all that apply. PAMPs recognize pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) such as TLRs, NLRs and RLRs present on/in host cells TLRs that are expressed on cell surface are mostly recognized by viruses, whereas intracellular TLRs are recognized by bacteria PRRs can induce inflammatory response, opsonization and phagocytosis Pattern associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are molecules such as CpG DNA, cytosolic dsDNA and RNAs made by the host cell

You then conduct a second experiment.  Wild-type and C3 deficient mice are each inoculated with a replication-defective form of HSV (called HSV-rd). This virus infects cells but is not able to replicate and spread in the body.   For this experiment, mice are infected with varying doses of the HSV-rd virus, and peak IgG responses to the viral surface glycoproteins are measured. The results are shown in Figure 2.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) infects T-helper cells that have the CD4 receptor on their surface: gp120 CD4 receptor -CXCR4 coreceptor RNA- Revorse transcriptase enzyme Core with - protein coat Capsomeres of protein coat Envelope T cll DNA (a) Structure of HIV (b) HIV infecting a T cell with CD4 receptors, and CXCR4 coreceptors which are distributed over the surface of the cell Copyright e 2001 Benjamin Cummings, an imprint of Addison Wesloy Longman, Inc. A. As shown in the above diagram, HIV attaches to a susceptible cell by a binding interaction between the gp120 protein on the virus protein and the CD4 and CXCR4 receptors on the surface of the T-helper cell. What will be the next event in the virus life cycle? B. One mechanism for transmission of HIV is direct contact during sexual activity. What is the other common mechanism of transmission?