Why are histopathologists interested in the percentage of mitotic cells in a tissue biopsy?  1.High rates of cell division (i.e. a high mitotic index) are characteristic of tumours 2.Low rates of cell division (i.e. a low mitotic index) are indicative of tumours 3.Mature differentiated cells continue to go through the cell cycle 4.They are interested in looking for misshapen cells.

. Outline the steps that lead to a cell becoming cancerous

Explain the following characteristics of an ideal tumor marker • Specificity for a single type of cancer • High sensitivity and specificity for cancerous growth • Correlation of marker level with tumor size • Homogeneous (i.e., minimal post-translational modifications) • Short half-life in circulation

write a short reflection paragraph on the role of extracellular matrix on tumor progression.

Which of the following statements are correct about the ability of cancer cells to form a secondary tumor at a site distant from the primary tumor (select all that apply)?   A. Is possessed by majority of cells in a tumor   B. Most micrometasases fail to become secondary tumor   C. Usually occurs prior to establishment of micrometatstases   D. Ability is acquired along with ability to move through circulation   E. Is often acquired after micrometastases have been estabilished

Pick one initial of TNM cancer staging and identify what the different stages are and what they mean.

Unit 5 Test Part 2 E Unit 5 Test Part 2 m/forms/d/e/1FAlpQLSel6CRM61QcDBCsgyf50p_qypzPCVMyrZ9wsAWoSdwbXipm_w/viewscore?viewscore=A Which statement does not describe cell cycle checkpoints? Normal checkpoints assess damage to DNA. B Faulty checkpoints may lead to abnormal cell growth. C Cell checkpoints can fail in mitosis and meiosis. D Defective checkpoints result in the death of the cell. A 1 Human bone, muscle, and nerve cells all contain the same number of chromosomes with th same complement of genes. What enables these cells to perform specialized activities?

A 42-year-old woman comes to the physician for a follow-up examination after two separate Pap smears have shown dysplastic epithelial cells. Results of a molecular diagnostic test show DNA that encodes high-risk versions of the human papillomavirus E6 and E7 proteins. The viral E6 protein binds to the cellular p53 tumor suppressor gene, causing it to be degraded. Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which the E6 protein causes cervical cancer? (A) Arrests the cell cycle (B) Enhances tissue invasion and metastasis (C) Inhibits telomerase expression (D) Prevents apoptosis (E) Sustains angiogenesis

How can the molecular analysis ofan individual tumor be more effectivelyused to design effective therapies tokill it?

D Question 18 Your patient's biopsy report indicates they have "cancer in situ". This means: Abnormal cells are present, they have not invaded local cells O Cells are normal, they will become cancer cells in the near future Abnormal cells are present, they have invaded a small number of local cells Cells are normal, they will not become cancer cells unless stimulated « Previous