Why is the measure of the rate of oxygen consumption a means of determining mitochondrial activity?

Q: What are some of the difficulties in determining the exact number of protons pumped across the inner…

A: Mitochondria have two primary membranes, as discussed above. With a little intermembrane space in…

Q: Does a negative change in the oxygen per minute indicate photosynthesis or cellular respiration?

A: Introduction The process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen…

Q: what process drives the proton circuit in mitochondrial cells?"

A: Because of specialized organelles, eukaryotic cells are more complicated than prokaryotic cells. All…

Q: electron transport chain,

A: The ETC stands for Electron transport chain process that occurs in the mitochondria. It helps to…

Q: Define chemiosmosis and explain how a gradient of protons is established across the inner…

A: ATP (Adenosine triphosphate synthesis is an important part of oxidative phosphorylation. ATP is the…

Q: Two mobile electron transfer carriers are present in the inner mitochondrial membrane.  Name these…

A: Electron transport chain is a sequence of biochemical reactions in which electrons and hydrogen…

Q: How many protons are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix for each pair of electrons extracted by…

A: The process of breakdown of fatty acids into the acetyl-CoA is referred to as Fatty acid oxidation.…

Q: What would be some of the challenges involved in removing respiratory complexes from the inner…

A: Mitochondria are organelle that are present in the cytoplasm. Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the…

Q: What would be the effect on ATP production of decreasing the pH inside the mitochondrial matrix?…

A: The mitochondria is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most of the eukaryotic organisms.…

Q: What would happen to the H+ gradient if the inner mitochondrial membrane was perforated (punctured)?

A: The inner mitochondria is the site for oxidative phosphorylation where the step by step transfer of…

Q: Considering that 22.4 kJ/mole is required to transport 1 H+ across the mitochondrial membrane, how…

A:

Q: To reduce six molecules of carbon dioxide to one molecule of glucose via photosynthesis, how many…

A: To reduce six molecules of carbon dioxide to one molecule of glucose via photosynthesis 18 ATP and…

Q: How is the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane (IMM) different from the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane (OMM)…

A: A mitochondrion is a double-membrane bound organelle, present in a eukaryotic cell. Mitochondria act…

Q: For each of the following experiments, tell me whether you would expect the rate of O₂ consumption…

A: Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which ATP is synthesized and is also coupled to the…

Q: How many ATPs does the respiratory cahin generate from all the NADH molecule produced from the…

A: An interlinked series of membrane-bound enzyme complexes that is responsible for oxidative…

Q: Which directions across the mitochondria must H+, ATP, ADP, and Pi travel during active…

A: Protons (H+) pass back to mitochondrial matrix through a channel in the ATP synthase. It uses…

Q: What is the function of cristae in the mitochondrion?

A: Mitochondria are considered the energy source of the cell.

Q: Which of the following drives the electron transfer from coenzyme Q to cytochrome c, which also…

A: 1. Electron transport chain occurs in the membrane of the mitochondria. There are many complexes…

Q: What is the maximum number of ATP molecules produced in the electron transport chain from a single…

A: Electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from the electron…

Q: What is the minimum voltage drop for individual electron transfer events in the mitochondrial…

A: The electron transport chain that occurs in mitochondria is present in a sequence of electron…

Q: What are the reasons why the number of ATP produced by cellular respiration is not known exactly?

A: Theoretically, the number of ATP molecules produced by cellular respiration is 38. However, the…

Q: In what sense is mitochondrial ATP synthase a motor protein?

A: ATP synthase is a mitochondrial enzyme. It is localized on the inner mitochondrial membrane. It…

Q: What is the minimum voltage drop for individual electrontransfer events in the mitochondrial…

A: The electron transport chain that occurs in mitochondria is present in a sequence of electron…

Q: Mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids is a major source of ATP, yet fatty acids can be oxidized…

A: Introduction  All cells require energy to survive and energy comes from respiration or metabolism.…

Q: What are some of the difficulties in extracting respiratory complexes from the inner mitochondrial…

A: Mitochondria: The inner and outer mitochondrial membranes divide the mitochondria from the…

Q: What is the source of Coenzyme A in mitochondria? Is there any manufacturing of Coenzyme A in the…

A: Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles that generate most of the chemical energy needed to…

Q: Which of the following components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain is the only one to…

A: The electron transport chain is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors…

Q: How many ATP are produced via the Kreb's cycle (total, directly, & indirectly)?

A: Krebs cycle, also termed as a citric acid cycle, occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotes and…

Q: Suppose you are planning experiments to measure oxygen consumption in a preparation of inverted…

A: Given: NADH and succinate are substrates that can be oxidized and will consume oxygen. Rotenone and…

Q: Define the reason behind the increase in absorbance of NADH at 340?

A: Introduction: Absorbance is the amount of light consumed by a solution. It is also known as optical…

Q: What is the sequence of the flow of most energy during cellular respiration?

A: Cellular respiration involves many chemical reactions.  The flow of energy takes place in a…

Q: Why is the mitochondrial respiration dependent on ADP?

A: Mitochondrial respiration is the set of metabolic reactions that processes requiring oxygen that…

Q: The most common metabolic sign of mitochondrial disorders is lactic acidosis. Why?

A: Lactic acidosis is a medical condition characterized by the buildup of lactate in the body, with the…

Q: All the enzymes that participate in the citric acid cycle are located in the mitochondrial matrix,…

A: Citric acid cycle - TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) leads to release of stored energy via the…

Q: How does mitochondrial structure contribute to aerobic metabolism, particularly to the integration…

A: Aerobic metabolism necessitates a constant flow of oxygen from the surrounding atmosphere to the…

Q: What will happen to the proton (H+ions) gradient in the mitochondria if the ATP synthase is blocked?

A: The free energy released during the oxidation of glucose to CO2 is retained in the NADH and FADH2…

Q: ency exchange ratio? Why does the oxidation of mitochondrial FADH2 generate one less ATP than…

A: ATP: Adenosine triphosphate is the energy-carrying molecule in all living organisms. It provides…

Q: Assume there is no cyanide poisoning. What would happen if the inner mitochondrial membrane was…

A: Mitochondrial permeabilization means increasing the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane…

Q: Under some conditions, mitochondrial ATP synthase has been observed to actually run in reverse. How…

A: The electron transport chain (ETC) is the final stage of aerobic cellular respiration. During the…

Q: In the section dealing with “NAD+ in disease” it is mentioned that metabolomics results indicate…

A: Complex I is the first enzyme of the respiratory chain. It oxidizes NADH, which is generated through…

Q: At which site in the mitochondrion and chloroplast do the ATPmolecules collect after being made by…

A: The respiratory chain is the final “processing mill” for electrons and protons. Overall, the…

Q: In the section dealing with “NAD+ in disease” it is mentioned that metabolomics results indicate…

A: NADH-coenzyme Q oxidoreductase, also known as NADH dehydrogenase or complex I, is the first protein…

Q: You are given a suspension of purified mitochondria that are known to have adequate reserves of…

A: ATP synthesis occurs in the mitochondrial matrix by the ATP synthase enzyme. ATP synthase uses the…

Q: In the redox reaction summarizing the complete oxidation of glucose in aerobic respiration, which…

A: Aerobic Respiration Aerobic respiration, a kind of respiration in which oxygen gas (O2) is used in…

Q: Cytochrome c may associate with cardiolipin (diphosphatidylglycerol) in the inner mitochondrial…

A: Introduction- Mitochondria play an important role in leading to apoptotic effects during apoptosis.…

Q: ADP and inorganic phosphate are provided for oxidative phosphorylation via an: O ADP-ATP antiport…

A: During oxidative phosphorylation, ADP and inorganic phosphate get converted into ATP. This occurs…

Q: An important function of the inner mitochondrial membrane is to provide a selectively permeable…

A: Introduction Mitochondria are eukaryote cell organelles or components. They're not in the nucleus;…

Q: Why are estimates of ATP production from cellular respiration provided in terms of a range (30-32,…

A: Adenosine triphosphates (ATP) are complex organic molecules that act as high energy compounds. They…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.