Answered: What is the minimum voltage drop for…

What is the minimum voltage drop for individual electrontransfer events in the mitochondrial electron transport systems that is necessary for ATP synthesis?

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter2: Cell Physiology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10RE: Using the answer code on the right, indicate which form of energy production is being described: 1....

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Q: What is the lower energy state electron carrier of cellular respiration?

A: Cellular respiration is the process by which organisms combine oxygen with glucose molecules,…

Q: Do any of the respiratory complexes play a role in the citric acid cycle? If so, what is that role?

A: The citric acid cycle is the oxidation of the molecules which was generated in the glycolysis…

Q: How many molecules of CO2, NADH, and FADH2 are releasedper pyruvate oxidized in the citric acid…

A: Cell is the smallest structural and, functional unit of life. It is simple machinery that houses all…

Q: Define chemiosmosis and explain how a gradient of protons is established across the inner…

A: ATP (Adenosine triphosphate synthesis is an important part of oxidative phosphorylation. ATP is the…

Q: How many ATP molecules are made when 40 protons flow from the intermembrane space to the matrix in…

A: The ATP production takes place in the mitochondria in the cell following the Chemiosmotic theory.…

Q: Two mobile electron transfer carriers are present in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Name these…

A: Electron transport chain is a sequence of biochemical reactions in which electrons and hydrogen…

Q: In aerobic respiration, how many ATP molecules areproduced from one molecule of glucose through…

A: Cellular respiration is the process by which sugars are converted into energy including ATP to allow…

Q: How many carbon dioxide molecules are released after each cycle of the Krebs cycle? For a single…

A: The Krebs cycle releases two carbon dioxide molecules for each cycle it completes

Q: How many protons are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix for each pair of electrons extracted by…

A: The process of breakdown of fatty acids into the acetyl-CoA is referred to as Fatty acid oxidation.…

Q: In the process of electron and H transport in the mitochondrial inner membrane, which of the…

A: Mitochondria are the membrane-bound organelles that produce the energy required to power the various…

Q: How is the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane (IMM) different from the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane (OMM)…

A: A mitochondrion is a double-membrane bound organelle, present in a eukaryotic cell. Mitochondria act…

Q: Calculate the number of usable ATP molecules produced per pair of electrons transferred from NADH to…

A: The reduced coenzymes like NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) store the energy released during…

Q: What happens to the proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane if electron flow through…

A: The electron transport chain is a progression of electron transporters installed in the internal…

Q: At what point does O2 enter the energy pathways of aerobicrespiration? What is the role of O2? Why…

A: Aerobic respiration can be defined as the process of respiration that takes place in the presence of…

Q: It has taken considerable amounts of research to establish the number of protons pumped across the…

A: A series of sequential electron-transporting steps is important for the generation of energy…

Q: What would decrease the number of ATP molecules generated per NADH molecule in the electron…

A: NADH is defined as the body coenzyme which will facilitate numerous biological reactions. NADH is…

Q: How many ATPs are produced by the respiratory chain from all the molecules od FADH2 formed from the…

A: One glucose molecule undergoes the process of aerobic respiration for its complete oxidation that…

Q: Is mitochondrial ATP synthase an integral membrane protein?

A: An integral membrane protein is a type of membrane protein that is permanently attached to the…

Q: How many ATPs does the respiratory cahin generate from all the NADH molecule produced from the…

A: An interlinked series of membrane-bound enzyme complexes that is responsible for oxidative…

Q: Can O2 be considered an uncoupler in the mitochondria to increase electron transport? What about…

A: Uncouplers in mitochondria inhibit the coupling between the electron transport and phosphorylation…

Q: What is the maximum number of ATP molecules produced in the electron transport chain from a single…

A: Electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from the electron…

Q: In what sense is mitochondrial ATP synthase a motor protein?

A: ATP synthase is a mitochondrial enzyme. It is localized on the inner mitochondrial membrane. It…

Q: How many ATP equivalents would be generated or used by the metabolism of butanoic acid to carbon…

A: Carbohydrates are the chief source of energy in the body. Glucose is the simplest and major…

Q: Mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids is a major source of ATP, yet fatty acids can be oxidized…

A: Introduction All cells require energy to survive and energy comes from respiration or metabolism.…

Q: What are some of the difficulties in extracting respiratory complexes from the inner mitochondrial…

A: Mitochondria: The inner and outer mitochondrial membranes divide the mitochondria from the…

Q: What is the effect of adding cyanide to the DNOC-stimulated electron-transport chain?

A: The electron transport chain, abbreviated as ETC is a series of transfer of elections from one…

Q: How many ATPs are synthesized for every cytoplasmic NADH reducing equivalent that is transferred…

A: The malate-aspartate shuttle is a biochemical system for translocating electrons produced during…

Q: How many ATP are produced from the complete degradation of G3P using glycerol- three phosphate…

A: The glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is a mechanism that regenerates NAD+ from NADH that is a by-product…

Q: (A) Do electron transport chains create a gradient so that ATP synthase can generate ATP molecules?…

A: ATP synthase is a mitochondrial enzyme machinery which is located in the inner membrane of…

Q: How many ATP are produced via the Kreb's cycle (total, directly, & indirectly)?

A: Krebs cycle, also termed as a citric acid cycle, occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotes and…

Q: Where in mitochondria does the process called respiratory chain occur? Which are the products of the…

A: Cellular respiration is a process in which the complex organic molecules are oxidized to generate…

Q: Describe the processes that are driven by mitochondrial electron transport.

A: Electron transport is part of cellular respiration.

Q: Explain the organization of electron carriers in mitochondrial membrane.

A: The inner mitochondrial membrane contains various components of the electron transport system. It…

Q: If actively respiring mitochondria are exposed to an inhibitor of ATPADP translocase, the…

A: Introduction ATP-ADP translocase is a transport protein that acts as an antiporter of ATP and ADP.…

Q: How many carbon dioxide molecules are liberated after each cycle of the Krebs cycle? For a single…

A: “Krebs cycle” involves order of reactions occuring in the mitochondria. This cycle begins with the…

Q: What specific function does NAD+/NADH directly perform during aerobic respiration?

A: Cellular respiration is a cascade of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells…

Q: What is the significance of step-wise release of energy in respiration?

A: Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes. It takes place in the cells of…

Q: ency exchange ratio? Why does the oxidation of mitochondrial FADH2 generate one less ATP than…

A: ATP: Adenosine triphosphate is the energy-carrying molecule in all living organisms. It provides…

Q: Which complexes of the electron transport system are able to catalyze the synthesis of ATP from ADP…

A: The electron transport chain includes an array of protein complexes that allow the transfer of…

Q: How do the ATP mass action ratio and the IF1 protein regulate ATP synthesis?

A: ATP mass action refers to the ration between ATP and ADP+ inorganic phosphate. Usually this ratio…

Q: In the redox reaction summarizing the complete oxidation of glucose in aerobic respiration, which…

A: Aerobic Respiration Aerobic respiration, a kind of respiration in which oxygen gas (O2) is used in…

Q: How many ATP are produced when 2moles of NADH enter the electron transport chain?

A: NADH is the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is a biologically active coenzyme. Nicotinamide is…

Q: During aerobic respiration how many ATP molecules are produced by the oxidation of a single molecule…

A: During aerobic respiration, Glycolysis converts glucose breakdown and produces 2 molecules of…

Q: ADP and inorganic phosphate are provided for oxidative phosphorylation via an: O ADP-ATP antiport…

A: During oxidative phosphorylation, ADP and inorganic phosphate get converted into ATP. This occurs…

Q: How many ATP are produced when 3 moles of FADH2 enter the electron transport chain?

A: The electron transport chain is a set of four protein molecules that link redox processes to create…

Q: What percentage of ATP is produced by substrate-level phosphorylation in aerobic respiration?

A: Substrate level phosphorylation: It is the process of direct formation of ATP from ADP and is linked…

Q: What happens with NADH under aerobic versus anaerobic conditions?

A: Cellular respiration can occur in the presence or absence of oxygen.

Concept explainers

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.

Question

What is the minimum voltage drop for individual electron
transfer events in the mitochondrial electron transport systems that is necessary for ATP synthesis?

Expert Solution

This question has been solved!

Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.

This is a popular solution!

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Step 1

VIEW

Step 2

VIEW

Trending now

This is a popular solution!

Step by step

Solved in 2 steps

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biochemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Similar questions

1 a) What is meant by the ATP currency exchange ratio? Why does the oxidation of mitochondrial FADH2 generate one less ATP than oxidation of mitochondrial NADH? b) If 12 H+ are moved across the inner mitochondrial membrane by NADH oxidation, and each ATP synthesized requires 3 H+ to move through ATP synthase, why are only 3 ATP molecules produced by oxidation of each NADH?
When the antibiotic X is added to actively respiring mitochondria, several things happen: the yield of ATP decreases, the rate of O2 consumption increases, heat is released, and the pH gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane increases. Does X act as an uncoupler or an inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation? Explain the experimental observations in terms of the antibiotic’s ability to transfer K+ ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Which directions across the mitochondria must H+, ATP, ADP, and Pi travel during active mitochondrial ATP synthesis?
What thermodynamic force drives the transport of ADP and Pi into the mitochondrial matrix for ATP synthesis?
How many protons are required to synthesize one ATP by F1F0-ATPase containing (a) 10 or (b) 15 c subunits?
Draw and label a lipid bilayer containing the large mitochondrial trans-membrane protein complexes representing complex I, II, III, and IV, and ATP Synthase. Make two more of these drawings. Label the first one mitochondrial electron source and using a different ink color, indicate the source(s) of electrons. Label the second mitochondrial energy source, and indicate the source of energy driving the electron transport chain. In the third, label the mitochondrial electron acceptor in its proper position. In this third drawing, also include ATP synthase (in its correct orientation-the spherical part is on the opposite side of the membrane as the H+ reservoir). Label your diagrams with the correct names for the membranes, ATP synthase, and to show where the protons (H+) are pumped to drive ATP synthesis.
Draw and label a lipid bilayer containing the large mitochondrial trans-membrane protein complexes representing complex I, II, II, and IV, and ATP Synthase. Make two more of these drawings. Label the first one mitochondrial electron source and using a different ink color, indicate the source(s) of electrons. Label the second mitochondrial energy source, and indicate the source of energy driving the electron transport chain. In the third, label the mitochondrial electron acceptor in its proper position. In this third drawing, also include ATP synthase (in its correct orientation-the spherical part is on the opposite side of the membrane as the H+ reservoir). Label your diagrams with the correct names for the membranes, ATP synthase, and to show where the protons (H*) are pumped to drive ATP synthesis.
During the FADH2 electron transport chain, the protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space through complexes CoQ/III, and IV the protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space through complexes I, CoQ/III, and IV the protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space through complexes I, CoQ/II, and IV the protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the outer mitochondrial membrane through complexes I, III, and IV
Two mobile electron transfer carriers are present in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Name these two carriers.
What would be the effect on ATP production of decreasing the pH inside the mitochondrial matrix? Explain
Uncoupling agents are proteins spanning the inner mitochondrial membrane that allow protons to pass through the membrane and bypass the channel of ATP synthase. Describe the consequences to the proton gradient and ATP production.?
Under some conditions, mitochondrial ATP synthase has been observed to actually run in reverse. How would that situation affect the protonmotive force?