What would be the effect on ATP production of decreasing the pH inside the mitochondrial matrix? Explain

Q: What is the effect on the electron transport chain (ETC) if a mutation in the pyruvate carrier…

A: Pyruvate carrier protein or pyruvate translocase is involved in transport of pyruvate from the…

Q: What are some of the difficulties in determining the exact number of protons pumped across the inner…

A: Mitochondria have two primary membranes, as discussed above. With a little intermembrane space in…

Q: According to the chemiosmotic theory, what would be theeffect on oxidative phosphorylation of…

A: During glycolysis, citric acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, reduced electron carriers, NADH, and…

Q: Explain how Ca2+, NOS/RNS and mitochondrial membrane transfer problems are inter-related and how/why…

A: Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are the antimicrobial molecules derived from nitric oxide (•NO) and…

Q: What are some of the difficulties in determining the exact number of protons pumped across the inner…

A: Electron transfer and phosphorylation is the series of intermediate carriers that transfer an…

Q: It has taken considerable amounts of re search to establish the number of protons pumped across the…

A: In plants, the electron transport chain(ETC) tends to occurs in the thylakoid of the chloroplasts,…

Q: You are growing human muscles cells in the lab and you are trying to test how well the cells survive…

A: The muscles with alternate light and dark bands which remain associated with skeleton and can…

Q: Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) includes: Question 10 options:…

A: Mitochondria are highly specialized membrane-bound cell organelles found in the cells of eukaryotic…

Q: What would be some of the challenges involved in removing respiratory complexes from the inner…

A: Mitochondria are organelle that are present in the cytoplasm. Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the…

Q: If electron flow through the ETC stops, what happens to the proton gradient across the mitochondrial…

A: 1.If Electron flow through the ETC stops, proton gradient cannot be maintained i.e, less ATP will be…

Q: Q cycle in detail providing the names of electron acceptors and donors.

A: 1. A) Complex lll of the electron transport chain, also known as Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase or…

Q: The following are true of the mitochondrial structure I. The inner mitochondrial membrane is…

A: Mitochondria are power house of cell, known to synthesize ATP. They are membrane bound organelles…

Q: Briefly describe the structure of ETCs and their role in ATP formation. How do mitochondrial chains…

A: The electron transport chain is located at the inner mitochondrial membrane which is impermeable to…

Q: Explain why oxygen diffusion across a plasma membrane is affected by a cell’s O2 concentration but…

A: Diffusion is the concentration-dependent movement of fluid particles. The fluid particles move from…

Q: Explain how a gradient of protons is established across the inner mitochondrial      membrane during…

A: Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane bound structure down their…

Q: The redox carriers are grouped into respiratory chain complex (A) In the inner mitochondrial…

A: The answer explains the location of redox carriers involved in oxidative phosphorylation in…

Q: Explain how would compounds such as NAD+, NADH, ubiquinone, ubiquinol and cytochrome are able to…

A: Electron carriers feed the electron to Electron Transport Chain (ETC). This component of aerobic…

Q: Considering that 22.4 kJ/mole is required to transport 1 H+ across the mitochondrial membrane, how…

A:

Q: Would you mind explaining the Electron Transport System how you understand it?

A: The electron transport chain (ETC; respiratory chain) is a protein complex that couples electron…

Q: How is the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane (IMM) different from the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane (OMM)…

A: A mitochondrion is a double-membrane bound organelle, present in a eukaryotic cell. Mitochondria act…

Q: A principle of biology is that structure determines function.Explain how the invaginations of the…

A: The mitochondria are one of the important cell organelles presents in the eukaryotic cell. The…

Q: If 40 molecules of glucose enter into cellular respiration in the presence of O2, how many molecules…

A: Citric Acid Cycle (CAC) is known as central metabolic pathway in which oxidation of all type of…

Q: It has taken considerable amounts of research to establish the number of protons pumped across the…

A: A series of sequential electron-transporting steps is important for the generation of energy…

Q: In the last stage of cellular respiration (ETS and oxidative phosphorylation) what is the fate of…

A: ETS (Electron Transport System) is a sequential arrangement of proteins (Protein complexes I, II,…

Q: calculate the largest ratio of ATP/(ADP)(Pi) under which synthesis of ATP can occur. (gas constant…

A: The free energy change (∆G) per mole for the protons through the inner membrane of the mitochondria…

Q: The pH values of the different compartments are shown below: Matrix Intermembrane space Cytosol pH…

A: Mitochondria is a membrane-bound organelle present in eukaryotes. It is known as powerhouse of the…

Q: Explain the quantum requirements for the generation of one O2 and two NADPH

A: Photosynthetic organisms such as plants and some bacteria have evolved over billions of years to…

Q: What is the maximum number of ATP molecules produced in the electron transport chain from a single…

A: Electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from the electron…

Q: In what sense is mitochondrial ATP synthase a motor protein?

A: ATP synthase is a mitochondrial enzyme. It is localized on the inner mitochondrial membrane. It…

Q: Explain in your own words the transport of four protons out of the mitochondrial matrix via the Q…

A: In electron transport (ETC), the quinol  Q cycle is the series of reactions of the oxidation and…

Q: Could the inner mitochondrial membrane carry out its functions in the coupling of electron transport…

A: Mitochondria is a cellular organelle. It is a membrane bound organelle which performs cellular…

Q: The rate of energy expenditure of a typical 70-kg person at rest is about 70 watts (W), like that of…

A: A watt is equal to one Joule per second which is zero point two hundred thirty-nine calories per…

Q: The function of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) in eukaryotic cells is to produce a proton…

A: In the electron transport chain (ETC), the electrons pass through four enzyme complexes, that…

Q: What are some of the difficulties in extracting respiratory complexes from the inner mitochondrial…

A: Mitochondria: The inner and outer mitochondrial membranes divide the mitochondria from the…

Q: (A) What is the free energy yield associated with the transport of a proton from the mitochondrial…

A: Given,△G = RTlnKeq. Also given that pH of IMS is 1.4 units lower than pH of the matrix. R =…

Q: In chloroplasts, a greater pH gradient across the thylakoid membrane is required to power the…

A: The chlorophyll acquires its electrons from water by creating oxygen as a result. During the…

Q: Using a flowchart, illustrate and differentiate the flow of the electrons in the ETC when electrons…

A: NADH produced through glycolysis is present in the cytosol of the cell. The glycolytic pathway is…

Q: Explain why an intact, impermeable mitochondrial membrane is essential forATP synthesis.

A: Oxidative phosphorylation is considered as a process, in which ATP is synthesized, which is utilized…

Q: To form malate, what does NADH in the mitochondrial matrix serve as? Electron donor or acceptor?

A: The body needs the energy to carry out processes. Energy comes from food which gives glucose which…

Q: Why is the mitochondrial respiration dependent on ADP?

A: Mitochondrial respiration is the set of metabolic reactions that processes requiring oxygen that…

Q: Explain the organization of electron carriers in mitochondrial membrane.

A: The inner mitochondrial membrane contains various components of the electron transport system. It…

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.