Which of the following statements is TRUE about reverse genetics? Reverse genetics analysis starts with mutants with altered phenotypes and identifies the genetic causes of the mutant phenotypes. O Reverse genetics can be performed by random mutagenesis but not targeted mutagenesis. Reverse genetics analysis starts with a known DNA sequence, mRNA, or protein. Reverse genetics analysis relies on controlled crosses between mutants with distinct phenotypes.
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- Each of the following describes a distinctive step in a genomic technology or an experimental design. Match the term for each description. An experimental design that looks at the offspring resulting from an F2 cross, where the parental generation have different phenotypes. Then, look for correlation between offspring phenotype and genotype. The intensity of fluorescence in each spot indicates the level of gene expression. Only one fluorescent nucleotide is added, which is complementary to the position of a known SNP. Familial Design [Choose ] RNA microarray GWAS Familial Design Quantitative Genetics Genomic resequencing RNA sequencing DNA microarray Genomic resequencing <DNA obtained from the indicated donor strains is used to TRANSFORM the indicated recipient strains. The resulting progeny are plated on minimal medium so that only wild-type recombinants are scored. The number of wild-types for each cross is given in the chart below. donor donor arg+ val- ser- val+ ser- arg- val- ser+ val- ser+ arg+ val- ser- O valine recipient recipient none of these. O arginine arg- val+ ser+ arg+ val- ser+ Which locus is closest to serine? arg+ val+ ser- wild-types wild-types 70 98 0 2 arg- arg-A RFLP is discovered that is linked to the gene for Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy (DMD). DMD is an X-linked, recessive trait. The RFLP is 2 map units from the gene for DMD. Consider the following pedigree and Southern blot using a probe that hybridizes to the RFLP. Which band/s is/are associated with DMD? What is the genotype for individuals 3 and 4? (Remember, this is an X linked disease, so use X’s and Y’s to denote). Individual 9 married a man who does NOT have muscular dystrophy, and she is pregnant. DMD is an X-linked trait. What is the probability for their child to have DMD? An amniocentesis is performed and it is determined that 9’s child in utero has only a 10 kb band that hybridizes to the same probe used above. What can you say about the child now?
- A proband female with an unidentified disease seeks the advice of a genetic counselor before starting a family. Based on the following data, the counselor constructs a pedigree encompassing three generations: (1) The maternal grandfather of the proband has the disease. (2) The mother of the proband is unaffected and is the youngest of five children, the three oldest being male. (3) The proband has an affected older sister, but the youngest siblings are unaffected twins (boy and girl). (4) All the individuals who have the disease have been revealed. Duplicate the counselors featDNA obtalned from the indicated donor strains is used to TRANSFORM the indicated recipient strains. The resulting progeny are plated on minimal medium so that only wild- type recombinants are scored. The number of wild-types for each cross is given in the chart below. What is the order of the genes? Donor Recipient wid type colonies a-b- c+ a+ b+ c- 273 a- b+ c- a+ b-c+ 462 a- b+ C+ a+ b-c- 2 a b- C+ a- b+ c+ O 4-b-c a-o-b b-a-c cannot be determined Question 18 of 26Which of the following conditions is most likely to be successfully treated by gene therapy using a viral vector to deliver a wild-type copy of one gene that is present in mutant form in a person with the condition? Assume that the viral vector used has the ability to home to relevant target tissues. Also assume that the patient can be treated at a young enough age to avoid irreversible phenotypic impacts of the mutation described. Timothy Syndrome, a multi-system disorder characterized by dysmorphic features and autistic behavioral traits, caused by overexpression of calcium channel gene Cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), a neurological disorder caused by a frameshift mutation knocking out the function of the ABCD1 gene encoding a lipid transporter Osteogenesis imperfecta caused by a dominant negative mutation in the collagen A1 gene Myopia (shortsightedness), a vision impairment with heritability estimates in the range of 0.6-0.8, where risk is impacted by at least 200 genes
- Below is a pedigree showing transmission of a disease; affected individuals are indicated by solid circles or boxes. Represented below the pedigree are two nylon membranes; DNA samples from each individual in the pedigree were spotted in identical fashion on each membrane. Each individual's DNA appears directly below his or her position in the pedigree. Each membrane was hybridized with allele specific oligonucleotides that detect the two alternative alleles of a single SNP locus (ASO 1 and ASO 2). Positive hybridization is represented as a filled circle and lack of hybridization is represented as an open circle. I 11 III IV V ASO 1 ASO 2 To 1 2 3 4 5 6 a. What is the mode of transmission of this disease? 12 b. Which SNP allele (ASO1 or ASO2) is originally linked to the disease gene? c. Draw a diagram of the event that gave rise to the genotype of individual IV-5. d. Individual V-1 is an unborn fetus. If the SNP locus is 10 CM from the disease locus, what is the likelihood that he will…STR markers: are point mutations detectable by DNA sequencing are variations in the number of repeats of very short DNA motifs (2-10 nucleotides) □have high polymorphism are mutations leading to proteins or blood groups that can be differentiated by antigenic testing from a blood sample ☐have low polymorphism no correct answer are changes of a few nucleotides leading to the absence or presence of a site recognized by a restriction enzyme are variations in the number of repeats of medium-sized DNA motifs (10-100 nucleotides) can be located in coding sequences are located exclusively on autosomesIdentify what is false for the following statement: In order to use PCR to detect genes, primers must be designed to the sequence in the middle of the gene.
- ISSR is generally a dominant STS DNA marker. Nonetheless, with validated experimental evidence (e.g. laboratory and population genetics data), the marker can be used in codominance marker genotyping. Briefly explain each case below: a) Codominant marker targets specific locus and reveals allelic variations in that locus among DNA samples. b) Dominant marker: primers can complement other repeat sequences or in multiple loci thereby non-specificity in sampled genomes.Each of the four types of structural chromosomal mutations is illustrated below. Label each picture with the type of chromosomal mutation that has occurred.List three clinical indications for chromosome and/or genome analysis and why the process might be important for each indication.