Are the following events best explained by mutation or epimutation? A. imprinting of the Igf2 geneB. variation in coat color in mice carrying the Avy alleleC. formation of cancer cellsD. variation in flower color between different strains of pea plants,such as purple versus whiteE. X-chromosome inactivation
Q: The amount of crossing over is primarily determine by the a) length of the linked genes b) size…
A: Crossing over is a process of exchange of genetic material between two non-sister chromatids of two…
Q: In fruit flies, the autosomal recessive mutation pr causes brown eyes whereas the cn mutation causes…
A: A genetic characteristic or disease can be handed down from one parent to the next through autosomal…
Q: Which of the following is a possible explanation for pleiotropy?a. The expression of a single gene…
A: Genetics is the investigation of genes and attempts to clarify what they are and how they work.…
Q: Red–green color blindness in humans is due to an X-linked recessive gene. A woman whose father is…
A: Red-green color blindness is an inherited X-linked recessive pattern. If a female has 1 copy of…
Q: The reason of X-linked inheritnce was first explained by----------while working on Drosophila.(A)…
A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…
Q: In Drosophila, Dichaete (D) is a mutation on chromosome III with a dominant effect on wing shape. It…
A: Interlocus distance refers to the distance between two genes on a chromosome. In order to determine…
Q: Below we are comparing two alleles: wildtype (functional) and mutant (not functional). Normally, p53…
A: Heterozygous A condition where two different variety of a same allele present on different locus of…
Q: ngineer a chromosomally XY mouse in which SRY gene is inactivated. What do you expect to observe in…
A: The DNA molecule is bundled into chromosomes, which are thread-like structures found in the nucleus…
Q: Why are multiple copies of the X chromosome tolerated?
A: In females, two X are present whereas in males only one X is present. To balance the expression of…
Q: In fruit flies, dosage compensation is achieved bya. X-chromosome inactivation.b. doubling the…
A: Dosage compensation refers to the mechanism of equalizing or balancing the expression of genes. It…
Q: In humans, hemophilia is an X-linked recessive gene and will only be expressed in females if they…
A: Hemophilia is a X linked recessive disorder so which is inherited in homozygous condition. In rare…
Q: How does X inactivation contribute to a person’s phenotype? a. It controls the number and kind of…
A: X chromosome denotes one of the two sex chromosomes, another is the Y chromosome. Females are…
Q: In Drosophila, a female fly is heterozygous for three mutations, Bar eyes (B), miniature wings (m),…
A: In terms of genetics and genomics, linkage describes how closely genes or other DNA sequences are…
Q: Why do tortoiseshell coats occur primarily in female cats? O Testosterone suppresses the…
A: Tortoiseshell is a cat coat color that is named for the tortoiseshell material it resembles.…
Q: In mice, coat color is due to the inheritance of three genes located on three different chromosomes.…
A: The genotype forms a genetic makeup of a cell, and therefore also determines the phenotype of any…
Q: In humans, hemophilia is an X-linked recessive gene and will only be expressed in females if they…
A: Hemophilia is an inherited disorder where blood doesn't clot properly due to loss of body's capacity…
Q: Which of the following are associated with dynamic mutations? O Genomic imprinting O Trinucleotide…
A: First of all we will discuss that, what is dynamic mutation and its causes. Dynamic mutation is the…
Q: In Drosophila, an X-linked recessive mutation, scalloped (sd),causes irregular wing margins. Diagram…
A: Genetics is a study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation in an organism. Living organisms…
Q: Chlamydomonas, a eukaryotic green alga, may be sensitive to the antibiotic erythromycin, which…
A: Chlamydomonas is a eukaryotic green algae belongs to Chlorophyta phylum of Chlamydomonaceae family.…
Q: In Drosophila, Dichaete (D) is a mutation on chromosome III with a dominant effect on wing shape. It…
A: Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: An attached-X female fly, XX ¬Y (see the “Insights and Solutions” box), expresses the recessive…
A: Inheritance or heredity is passing-on one trait from the parents to the progeny by either asexual or…
Q: The normal sequence of markers on a certain Drosophila chromosome is ABCDE*FGHIJK, where the…
A: please find your answer in step2:
Q: The Notch mutation is a deletion on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Female flies…
A: The Notch mutation is a deletion on the X-chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Heterozygous notch…
Q: In fruit flies a dominant mutation on the X chromosome causes the eye to be oval instead of round.…
A: Introduction : Gene is a unit of heredity. It contains the genetic information. It is made up of…
Q: Which of the following statements is true regarding the phenotypic effects of inversions? Select ALL…
A: Inversion Inversion is a kind of mutation in the chromosomes where part of a chromosomes is cured…
Q: Nondisjunction can happen in males and females. It has been found to correlate with advanced…
A: Non disjunction is the failure of chromosome separation during meiosis that cause to produce…
Q: Polydactyly is a condition in which a person has extra fingersand/or toes. It is caused by a…
A: Gene is a particular nucleotide sequences in RNA or DNA. It is generally located on a chromosome.…
Q: In humans, the development of gonadal sex in females is determined by a. The production of inductors…
A: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates FSH and LH generation in both males and females.…
Q: In Drosophila, red eyes is wild-type and cinnabar eyes are mutant. Wings with crossveins are wild-…
A: In Drosophila, color of eyes are represented as red and cinnabar in which red eyes is wild and…
Q: An insect species is discovered in which the heterogametic sex isunknown. An X-linked recessive…
A: Chromosomal determination of sex is also known as allosomic determination of sex and is based on…
Q: For XCI to occur, where are the Xist and Tsix genes expressed?a. Xist is expressed only on Xa, and…
A: The inactivation of the X chromosome leads to the formation of a Barr body. It ensures the dosage…
Q: Which of the following statements about calico cats is true? Select all that apply. Da Black fur…
A: The Correct option is A.
Q: Which of the following statements is FALSE? Inactivation of one of the two X chromosomes in the…
A: They were discovered in 1876. These are the tertiary structures of DNA formed as a result of complex…
Q: Curly wings are dominant to normal wings in fruit flies. A curly-winged fly was crossed with a…
A: The curly gene which is found on the second chromosome, is defective in fruit flies. Curled wings…
Q: In fruit flies, black body type is a recessive variant of the wild-type brown body. You cross two…
A: Introduction:- A mutation is an heritable change that occurs in the DNA sequence, either due to…
Q: A new gene is being investigated in fruit flies. The recessive allele of this gene (b) causes the…
A: Each chromosomes has hundreds of thousands of genes. Linked genes are those alleles lies together on…
Q: depend on separate dominant genes located on different chromosomes. Normal vision and normal bones…
A: According to guidelines we have to answer the first question only. so please kindly post the…
Q: . The normal eye color of Drosophila is red, but strains inwhich all flies have brown eyes are…
A: Gene expression is the mechanism through which genetic information is used to create a functioning…
Q: Predict the probability (using a Punnett square) of producing an offspring affected by a single gene…
A: Inheritance is the process of transmitting the traits from parent to offspring. Traits of an…
Q: In mice, coat color is due to the inheritance of three genes located on three different chromosomes.…
A: The genotype forms a genetic makeup of a cell, and therefore also determines the phenotype of any…
Q: In mice, coat color is due to the inheritance of three genes located on three different chromosomes.…
A: Dominant gene is that which exhibits its phenotype in presence or absence of its other allele. The…
Q: wo genes experience independent assortment, which assumption is most likely true? Choose 1 answer:…
A: Independent assortment is Mendel’s second law. It describes the tendency for traits to be passed on…
Q: A new Drosophila phenotype is investigated with a series of crosses. P (parental) organisms are…
A: The alleles are the alternative forms of a gene that are located on the same locus of a homologous…
Q: In water snakes, there are three different possible skin colors: Brown, Gray & Green. BB=Brown…
A: Non-mendelian inheritance is a pattern of inheritance in which the laws stated by Mendel do not…
Q: If a Drosophila female that is homozygous for an X-linked recessive mutation is bred with a male…
A: An organism has phenotype and genotype. Phenotype is the observable characteristics and genotype is…
Q: Which of the following is not a common explanation for a dominantdisorder?a. Haploinsufficiencyb. A…
A: Dominant disorders are the genetic disorders that are caused due to the inheritance of the dominant…
Q: 1A. What is the molecular basis for genomic imprinting? B. How is the process of X-chromosome…
A: Genomic imprinting is an inheritance process independent of the classical mendelian inheritance. It…
Q: How do the two alleles of the CFTR gene in a lung cell differ? a. They were inherited from different…
A: The CFTR gene provides information for making a protein called cystic fibrosis transmembrane…
Are the following events best explained by mutation or epimutation?
A. imprinting of the Igf2 gene
B. variation in coat color in mice carrying the Avy allele
C. formation of cancer cells
D. variation in flower color between different strains of pea plants,
such as purple versus white
E. X-chromosome inactivation
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Theodor Boveri predicted that malignancies would often be associated with chromosomal mutation. What lines of evidence substantiate this prediction?Almost all calico cats (one is pictured in FIGURE 10.7B) are female. Why? B When this calico cat was an embryo, one of the two X chromosomes was inactivated in each of her cells. The descendants of the cells formed her adult body, which is a mosaic for expression of X chromosome genes. Black fur arises in patches where genes on the X chromosome inherited from one parent are expressed; orange fur arises in patches where genes on the X chromosome inherited from the other parent are expressed. FIGURE 10.7 Animated X chromosome inactivation.Describe the molecular process of X-chromosome inactivation.This description should include the three phases of inactivationand the role of the Xic. Explain what happens to the X chromosomes during embryogenesis, in adult somatic cells, and duringoogenesis.
- The Drosophila gene Sex lethal (Sxl) is deserving of itsname. Certain alleles have no effect on XY animals butcause XX animals to die early in development. Other alleles have no effect on XX animals but cause XY animals to die early in development. Thus, some Sxl allelesare lethal to females, while others are lethal to males.a. Would you expect a null mutation in Sxl to causelethality in males or in females? b. Why do Sxl alleles of either type cause lethality ina specific sex?The gene transformer (tra) gets its name from sexualtransformation, as some tra alleles can change XXanimals into morphological males, while other traalleles can change XY animals into morphologicalfemales.c. Which of these sex transformations would becaused by null alleles of tra and which would becaused by constitutively active alleles of tra?d. In contrast with Sxl, null tra mutations do notcause lethality either in XX or in XY animals.However, the Sxl protein regulates the productionof the Tra protein. Why…You are a developmental geneticist studying flowering time variation in Arabidopsis. You perform a mutagenesis screen to identify mutants in the photoperiod pathway. You conduct the screen and find two different plants that show the same mutant phenotype. You then use a complementation test. What is the predicted outcome of this test if both phenotypes are caused by mutations in separate genes? recover the wild type phenotype overexpress the gene O recover the mutant phenotypeA recessive mutation pd causes purple eyes in Drosophila, in contrast to the wildtype red eyes. A dominant suppressor called Su can restore the color of pd/pd fly eyes to red. If you cross a pd/+ ; Su/+ fly to a pd/pd ; +/+ fly, what proportion of the offspring will have purple eyes? A recessive mutation pd causes purple eyes in Drosophila, in contrast to the wildtype red eyes. A dominant suppressor called Su can restore the color of pd/pd fly eyes to red. If you cross a pd/+ ; Su/+ fly to a pd/pd ; +/+ fly, what proportion of the offspring will have purple eyes? a. 1/8 b. 1/16 c.1/2 d. 3/16 e. 1/3 f. 3/4 g. 15/16 h. 2/3 i. 1/4
- The maternal-effect mutation bicoid (bcd) is recessive. Inthe absence of the bicoid protein product, embryogenesis isnot completed. Consider a cross between a female heterozygousfor the bicoid mutation (bcd+/ bcd-) and a homozygousmale(bcd-/ bcd-). Predict the outcome (normal vs. failed embryogenesis) inthe F1 and F2 generations of the cross described.Figure 19.25 shows that the Sxl protein binds to the mRNA of the msl-2 gene, inhibiting translation of the mRNA’s proper reading frame. The MSL-2 protein is a transcription factor that binds to the X chromosome in XY males to double the level of X-linked gene transcription, thus equalizing X-linked gene expression in XY males and XX females. a. In which sex, XY males or XX females, would the Sxl protein bind to the msl-2 mRNA? b. As discussed in Problem 35, some Sxl alleles are lethal to females and others are lethal to males. Is the function of Sxl in regulating the synthesis of Msl-2 protein sufficient to explain the sex-specific lethality caused by both kinds of alleles? c. Predict the effect of loss-of-function mutations in msl-2 on male and female fertility and viability.Imagine a scenario in which prenatal testing of a human female fetus indicates that the baby will have a normal XX karyotype but is heterozygous for a mutation that inactivates the Xist promoter. Allele “Xr” represents the mutated version of the Xist promoter, and “XR” represents the normal version of the Xist promoter. How will this mutation affect the process of X inactivation?A. "X inactivation will still be random with both mutant and normal X chromosomes being randomly inactivated" B. "The chromosome with the mutant Xist promoter will always be active" C. "The chromosome with the mutant Xist promoter will always be inactivated" D. "The normal X chromosome (no mutation in Xist) will always be active" E. "The normal X chromosome (no mutation in Xist) will always be inactivated"
- In humans, dosage compensation is accomplished by: inactivating one X chromosome in female somatic cells inactivating one homolog from each homologous pair of chromosomes in female somatic cells inactivating the Y chromosome in male somatic cells increasing gene expression from the X chromosome in male somatic cellIn Drosophila, a female fly is heterozygous for three mutations, Bareyes (B), miniature wings (m), and ebony body (e). Note that Bar isa dominant mutation. The fly is crossed to a male with normal eyes,miniature wings, and ebony body. The results of the cross are asfollows.111 miniature29 wild type117 Bar26 Bar, mimatue101 Bar, ebony31 Bar, miniature, ebony35 ebony115 miniature, ebonyInterpret the results of this cross. If you conclude that linkage isinvolved between any of the genes, determine that map distance(sbetween them.Diseases which are caused by recessive variants in loci located on the X chromosome affect females and males differently. How? Lifestyle choices and environmental exposures can also shape up a disease, how? (Discuss from the aspects of molecular biology) c. In a designed Microarray experiment, in which the probes for the control cell’s transcripts are labelled with green dye and probes for cancer cell’s transcripts are labelled with red dye. What color intensities will you expect in the spots of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes?