Which of the following may be used as a vector in a gene-cloningexperiment?a. mRNA               c. Virusb. Plasmid            d. Both b and c

Bacterial ____ may be used as cloning vectors.   a. polymerase   b. endonuclease   c. plasmids   d. ligase   e. transcriptase

mRNA vaccines are better than DNA vaccines because A. their sequences can be easily modified. B. they can be easily scaled up. C. they can be easily degraded. D. they are single-stranded molecules. E. they do not integrate into the host DNA. O O O O

Defects in the excision  repair process may result in : A. Mutations B. Okazaki fragments C. Excess DNA polymerase activity D. Shortened telomeres

You have purified a virus that infects turnip leaves. Treatment of a sample with phenol removes viral proteins. Application of the residual material to scraped leaves results in the formation of progeny virus particles. You infer that the infectious substance is a nucleic acid. Propose a simple and highly sensitive means of determining whether the infectious nucleic acid is DNA or RNA

Which of the following statements is false? a. Plasmids can be exchanged between different species of bacteria. b. The blue circle represents a small chromosome. c. The blue circle is a plasmid that contains genes that confer resistance to specific antiobiotics. d. The blue circle represents a double-stranded molecule of DNA.