Which of the following is NOT a involved in the CD8-T-cell killing of viral-infected cells? Select one: a. Recognition of the MHC Class I and viral-derived peptide on the surface of the target cell Ob. Reorientation of the intracellular cytoskeleton to move the cytotoxic granules toward the SMAC C. Release of perforin and granzymes onto the infected target cell d. Induction of apoptosis in the target cell by cleaving the nuclear DNA. Oe. Costimulation of CD8-T-cells with CD28/B7

Q: Cytotoxic effector T cells also produce inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-g and TNF-a when their…

A: According to the question, we have to find out the reason behind the enhanced activity of the…

Q: Which of the following statements about innate lymphoid cells is true? (ONE ANSWER)   Require the…

A: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are immune cells that lack a specific antigen receptor but can produce…

Q: Biology Monoclonal antibodies are used clinically as for anti-tumor immunotherapy. Which of the…

A: What is not the mechanism or least effective mechanism of monoclonal antibodies to control the…

Q: Name two possible functions of CD8a+ dendritic cells that could account for the results seen in the…

A: Dendritic cells  Dendritic cells are a sort of antigen-presenting cell (APC) that structure a…

Q: MHC class I molecules present peptide antigens derived from a(n) _______ compartment, whereas MHC…

A: (Major histocompatibility complex). They play vital role in intercellular recognition and…

Q: Write of the following statements is correct?  A. Antigen fragments that bind to MHC class I…

A: Freshly formed proteins that fail to fold or blend properly into the endoplasmic reticulum will be…

Q: Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding memory B cells? a. Memory B cells express…

A: B cells are a part of adaptive immune response. B cells have B cell receptors (BCRs) on their…

Q: In which of the following ways are T-cell receptors distinct from immunoglobulins? (Select all that…

A: The T-cell receptor (TCR) is a protein complex found on the surface of T cells or T lymphocytes.

Q: 28. The molecules mediating signal transduction on a B-cell following antigen binding to BCR are…

A: B cell It is a type of lymphocyte which is involved in providing the humoral immunity component of…

Q: uch of the following best defines MHC restriction? Select one: a. The TCR recognizes a particular…

A: Concept used -  T cell receptors and MHC restriction    Important definitions-  MHC restriction :…

Q: Which of the following is a characteristic of T cell receptors?

A: Only on the cell membrane are T-cell antigen receptors to be located. Because it is made up of two…

Q: Match the term with its correct description Long, flexible molecule expressed on B-cells,…

A: B cells These are lymphocytes that are involved in the humoral immunity constituent of the adaptive…

Q: A. Kills diseased human cells B. Targets primarily eukaryotic pathogens and viruses C. Stimulates…

A: 1. Neutrophils- They constitute the majority of the white blood cells( 50℅- 70%). In response to…

Q: Which of the following interactions will NOT provoke an immune response?     A. Endogenous antigen +…

A: Ans - d) Endogenous antigen + MHC Class I + BCR, will not provoke an immune response. The two types…

Q: All of the following are examples of how tumors or the microenvironment in which they develop…

A: Tumor cells are able to stimulate specific adaptive immune responses. However, most frequently these…

Q: The binding groove of endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) binds to _____ and presents them to…

A: In humans, a protein that is encoded by the PROCR gene, is known as Endothelial protein C receptor.…

Q: The following are steps in the cell-mediated inflammatory response. Put them in the correct order.…

A: Cell-mediated immunity is an immune response resulting from the activation of cells of immune-system…

Q: A patient has contracted an upper respiratory infection caused by a virus. Her initial adaptive…

A: Immunity is the body’s ability to resist and eliminate the potential harmful foreign invaders to…

Q: Pattern recognition receptors bind to Select one: a. B and T lymphocytes b. Host cell-associated…

A: Introduction Pattern Recognition Receptors are; Toll-like receptors (TLR) Nucleotide-binding…

Q: The five classes of immunoglobulin differ in ….   Select one: a. None of the above b. Ability to…

A: Immunoglobulins are the antibodies that are produced from B-lymphocytes of plasma cells.…

Q: During positive selection, if the selecting MHC molecule is class I, then a. gene expression of…

A: Positive selection refers to the event in which T cells become largely specified to develop…

Q: Which of the following statements is TRUE about NK cells? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard…

A: Natural Killer (NK) cells are a type of cytotoxic immune cell that play a role in the rejection of…

Q: All of the following are properties of B-1 cells except a. They exhibit polyspecificity. b. They…

A: B1 cell is a type of B lymphocyte that is accountable for producing a humoral immune response. They…

Q: Membrane-bound proteins that assist in maintaining contact between various human cell types are…

A: Cell junctions link many cells to one another. These are of three types: Occluding junctions…

Q: A metabolically stressed epithelial cell expresses the protein MICits surface and then interacts…

A: NK cells are activated as an early event during an immune response and does not require the need for…

Q: Cancer cells often underexpress MHC class 1 molecules. Due to these characteristics, they may be the…

A: MHC class I molecules are heterodimers containing a heavy chain of about 350 amino acids and a light…

Q: Immature B cells specific for monovalent self antigens encountered in the bone marrow a. enter a…

A: Immunity can be defined as the ability of an organism to fight against infections caused by a…

Q: When an immature dendritic cell becomes an activated dendritic cell, all of the following changes…

A: Immunity is the capability of the body to fight against foreign attack and maintain the persistence…

Q: Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used by the immune system to fight multicellular…

A: Immunology is a section of biology that studies molecules, cells, and organs that build up the…

Q: Identify which of the following statements regarding peptide–MHC molecule interactions are correct.…

A: The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a group of genes that help the immune system recognize…

Q: Amino acid variation among MHC class II allotypes that present antigens to CD4 T cells is…

A: MHC or major histocompatibility complex is a set of genes. These genes are responsible for the…

Q: Antigen recognition by T cells in the absence of co-stimulation results in a. upregulation of B7…

A: The system that shields the body from outside intruders, like microorganisms and other infectious…

Q: T cells in the thymus are determined to be T helper cells or T killer cells while undergoing…

A: The immune system is a complicated physiological system comprised of several organs, tissues, and…

Q: What is the function of tapasin? Select one: a. Tapasin is an antagonist of HLA-DM and causes more…

A: Please follow step 2 for detailed explanation.

Q: Complexes of IgG bound to soluble multivalent antigens can activate the classical pathway on the…

A: Introduction :- One of three mechanisms that activate the complement system, a component of the…

Q: In general MHC 1 receptors harboring antigen are recognized by the CD-8 receptor on T-cells;…

A: Antigen presentation is the process by which a foreign antigen is recognized by antigen presenting…

Q: Which of the following is false about innate immune receptors? A. They are encoded by intact genes…

A: Innate immunity is the immunity that involves protective barriers. They prevent the entry of foreign…

Q: If a T-cell receptor on a double-positive thymocyte binds to a self-peptide:self-MHC class I complex…

A: The immune system is the shield of the body that protects it from outside intruders, like…

Q: Inhibitory receptors on lymphocytes down-regulate immune responses by recruiting protein or lipid…

A: B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are part of adaptive immunity, which is antigen-specific and…

Q: Describes the relationship of the following terms using short terms: Adhesion Molecule(s) Anergic T…

A: An antigen is any substance, usually a protein or carbohydrate, that is capable of stimulating an…

Q: Which of the following is true about antigen presentation, MHC involvement or T cell activation?…

A: Introduction = Major Histocompatibility Complex- Cluster of genes found in all mammalsIts products…

Q: The B-cell co-receptor, composed of CD19/CD21/CD81, is a receptor that binds to complement fragments…

A: A co-receptor is a type of cell surface receptor that functions by binding a signaling molecule in…

Q: Apoptosis is Select one: A. equivalent to necrosis. B. caused by T cell anergy. C. involved in…

A: Apoptosis is an important process in the regulation of normal cell growth and development. It is a…

Q: Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome is an immunodeficiency disease due to mutations in the gene encoding WASp.…

A: Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: Eczema, thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), immunological dysfunction,…

Q: What distinguishes MHC I from MHC II? a-aquisition of antigenic peptide in the cytoplasm…

A: MHC I and MHC II   Major histocompatibility complex Class I and Class II proteins help in providing…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.